基于多方向多源合成孔径雷达数据融合的假彩色正射影像制作

在复杂地形条件下,SAR影像几何失真大,辐射畸变突出,透视收缩、叠掩和阴影等现象严重,制约SAR测图的应用.为此,提出一套基于多方向多源SAR数据融合方法与技术流程,利用不同侧视方向、不同分辨率、多极化的SAR影像数据,融合制作信息量丰富,能够满足应用要求的SAR假彩色正射影像.采用横断山脉区域3 m分辨率的Terra...     

基于GF-1卫星数据的新增建设用地监测试验与分析

选择内蒙古包头市石拐区和江苏省徐州市贾汪区分别作为典型山地、平原试验区,开展了GF-1卫星数据的新增建设用地监测能力试验与分析。试验结果表明,基于GF-1卫星数据的新增建设用地监测图斑属性精度,新增建设用地占用耕地、非耕农用地图斑面积精度,以及最小可监测图斑面积,满足土地利用动态遥感监测业务相关规范要求。     

COSMO-SkyMed颜色变换强度RC法南京建设用地变化检测

基于非局部滤波的SAR强度RC合成变化检测法对小图斑、线型地物等动态监测灵敏，且对数据获取无时空基线要求，在多云多雨城市地表要素变化检测中具备潜力。本文研究以多时相SAR强度RC合成图为数据源，提出一种基于色彩空间变换的变化图斑半自动提取方法，即通过色彩空间转换、训练样本选取、监督分类影像分割、变化区域提取4步骤，可实现基于SAR强度图的城市建设用地动态监测与图斑高效更新。选取南京河西新城与江北新区为示范，以最优参数配置（3特征向量与10样本类别）进行试验，实现了优于88%的建设用地查准率指标。     

基于简化定位模型的高分辨率SAR影像模拟方法研究

随着TerraSAR-X、COSMO-SkyMed等新型高分辨率SAR卫星的成功发射,雷达遥感进入快速发展阶段,对高分辨率SAR影像模拟存在大量需求。利用一种基于简化定位模型的方法对TerraSAR-X影像进行模拟,只利用DEM数据就可以模拟出任意平台高度、任意入射角、任意分辨率、任意视向和飞行方位角情况下的SAR影像和叠掩、阴影情况,而且不需要精确的卫星轨道参数和系统参数,通过与真实影像的对比,证明方法的有效性。文中方法可以在高分辨率SAR数据选择、测试不同成像参数对雷达影像的影响等多个方面应用。     

利用光学遥感影像进行星载SAR影像正射纠正

基于角反射器点的正射纠正方法仅适用于局部区域的SAR影像,无法满足大区域生产和工程化需求的问题。本文采用有理函数模型（RFM）作为星载SAR几何模型,利用资源三号测绘卫星的数字表面模型（DSM）产品和数字正射影像图（DOM）,选取遥感13号SAR影像与资源三号光学影像的同名像点作为控制点,对遥感13号SAR影像进行了正射纠正,并与常规的基于角反射器点的正射纠正方法进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,针对平原地区的遥感13号SAR影像,在四角布设控制点的情况下,基于角反射器点的正射纠正方法比基于光学正射影像的正射纠正方法精度高,正射纠正精度分别优于2.5和4.5 m。     

SAR影像中叠掩与阴影区域的识别 ——以湖北巴东为例

SAR影像中叠掩和阴影区域的识别是滑坡监测中的首要工作，本文针对这一工作利用雷达卫星成像时的几何模型与图像处理中形态学方法综合识别叠掩与阴影区域，以ALOS-2数据为例，对比该地区雷达强度图像，验证了本文试验方法的可靠性。     

基于正射影像和DEM进行土地利用动态监测的研究

在广东省土地利用动态监测项目中,将已有的正射影像和数字高程模型作为新获取高分辨率卫星影像的控制资料,然后对高分辨率卫星影像进行绝对定位和正射影像更新,最后通过新旧正射影像的对比监测土地利用状况。利用高速局域网环境和分布式并行处理技术实现了卫星影像基于已有正射影像和DEM的全自动匹配、快速定向和正射影像纠正,极大地提高了...     

土地动态监测中非正常建设用地分类识别模型研究

土地执法监察的实施需明确土地利用变化区域的位置、是否违法及违法类型等信息。大多数土地动态监测手段只获取变化区域的位置信息,无法快速明确具体违法类型及识别伪变化,加大了土地动态巡查的工作量。基于此,本文提出针对非正常建设用地的分类识别模型,即一种可快速识别建设用地变化图斑违法类型的方法。该模型将变化检测获取的变化图斑与相关地政数据进行叠置分析,并设计非正常建设用地分类识别矩阵对变化图斑进行判断,采用计算机识别和人工辅助识别相结合的方式快速明确非正常建设用地的变化性质。应用结果表明,该模型可有效解决综合分析多层矢量数据时图斑要素的跨界问题,提高了识别效率;和现有监测方法结合使用,可快速了解监测区域的土地利用变化概况,较大地提高了土地执法工作的自动化程度。     

基于TerraSAR-X雷达数据监测土地利用动态的研究

在多云、多雨地区,可见光获取遥感影像数据不能满足对土地利用实时监测的需要,而雷达卫星可以不受天气条件影响获取数据。对TerraSAR-X雷达数据影像进行正射纠正和解译,判断出变化的区域并到实地验证。高分辨雷达卫星数据作为光学数据源的补充用于监测土地利用动态具有重大的现实意义。     

遥感技术在土地更新调查中的应用

对使用遥感影像辅助土地利用更新的可行性进行了分析,并以SPOT-5为例,探讨了遥感技术在土地更新调查中的应用。研究发现,经过几何纠正和数据融合处理的SOPT-5遥感正射影像图数据对线状地物和图斑的判别清晰,从而大大提高工作效率。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。