Occurrence of Sn-Bearing colusite in the ore-body “T” of the Bor copper deposit, Serbia

The ore body “T” is the newly discovered massive-pyrite type one which is located in the central part of the Bor copper mine. The main copper minerals are chalcocite-digenite, covellite and enargite. Small amounts of colusite are frequently present in the ore-body. It mostly occurs as the distinct exsolutions in digenite and, associating with enargite and covellite. Composition of the studied colusite shows enriched Sn content, giving an empirical formula from Cu_24.7V_1.8Fe_0.2As_5.1Sb_0.2Sn_0.8S₃₂ to Cu_26.7V_2.0Fe_0.3A_s3.0Sb_0.3Sn_3.5S₃₂. This colusite represents a solid solution between colusite and nekrasovite within a range of 14–54 mol % nekrasovite. Most of the analyses show content of <50 mol % nekrasovite corresponding to the Sn-bearing colusite variety, while one analysis shows content of 54 mol % nekrasovite corresponding to the As-bearing nekrasovite.     

Melt percolation and reaction atop a plume: evidence from the poikiloblastic peridotite xenoliths from Borée (Massif Central, France)

Poikiloblastic harzburgite xenoliths (P-type) from Borée, France are characterised by large (>1 cm), essentially unstrained olivines and high equilibrium temperatures (>1200 °C). Mineralogical data, trace element abundances and Sr-Nd-O isotopes of the constituent minerals are consistent with formation as a result of melt percolation-reactions in a lherzolite precursor during lithospheric erosion by an upwelling plume. This petrogenetic model contrasts with previous models involving isochemical recrystallisation from a granular lherzolite precursor (G-type) or derivation as metacumulates from tholeiitic magmas. Numerical simulation of percolation reactions at the lithosphere-plume boundary using the plate model of Vernières et al. (1997) indicates that the different textured xenoliths may represent mantle from different levels in a percolation-reaction column. If correct then the P-type harzburgites resulted from pyroxene-dissolving and olivine-producing reactions at increasing melt fraction (>3%) at the lower part of column (base of the lithosphere), whereas the G-type lherzolites were located within the low-porosity domain (<0.1%) above a permeability barrier, and are formed through a melt-rock reaction at decreasing melt mass. Given the very low melt fraction, the REE fractionation in this zone is controlled by chromatographic effects coupled with source effects of reaction. The variations in porosity, melt/rock ratio and melt-rock reaction mechanism are believed to be responsible for the diversity of REE patterns and striking correlation between REE abundance and texture in Borée xenoliths. Received: 15 June 1997 / Accepted: 7 January 1998     

Landslides at a uranium mill tailing deposit site Boršt (Slovenia) detected by radar interferometry

This paper presents a comparison of persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) monitoring results with in situ displacement measurements at the November 1990 landslide at the Bor?t uranium mill tailing deposit site after heavy rain. Although the landslide did not directly endanger people, site remediation works were undertaken due to the subsequent environmental problems. Additionally, in situ monitoring with benchmarks was established in order to detect the ground motion of the landslide body. PSI campaigning in the ?kofjelo?ko-Cerkljansko area, where the uranium mill tailing is situated, performed for the purpose of measuring displacements of natural targets near the active landslide area, also detected displacements, most probably indicating a creeping process. When comparing the pre- and post-remediation velocities at the benchmarks located on the landslide with persistent scatterers (PSs) located near the landslide, the rates could be regarded as background. The results show that the remediation works in the form of a drainage tunnel were very effective as post-remediation velocities at the landslide closer to the PSs resembled the velocities of the PSs, while the velocities of the landslide mass above the drainage tunnel slowed down, even to below the background velocities. The high correlation values between the movements of the benchmarks and the PSs also confirm that the remediation works were effective as the fluctuations in the displacement values of the landslide were very similar to those of the PSs. Nevertheless, although there are several limitations in comparing the two different datasets, the PSI technique can be complementary to conventional in situ methods.     

熔体─上地幔岩石的相互作用及稀土元素模拟计算──以法国中央高原堡雷(Bore)幔源包体为例

产于法国中央高原堡雷（Boree）的具镶嵌结构方辉橄榄岩包体被认为是大陆活动区碱性玄武岩捕获的、来源最深的尖晶石相上地幔样品。已有的岩浆堆积说和等物理化学环境中重结晶模式难于解释其矿物学、微量元素和Sr－Nd同位素地球化学特征,为此我们提出了热柱来源熔体渗滤岩石圈底部的新成因模式。渗滤熔体和岩石圈地幔之间的反应不仅导致了矿物含量的变化,而且形成了特征的微量元素配分型式和同位素组成。REE模拟计算表明,熔体／岩石比值的大小、熔体性质以及熔体-岩石反应机制的多样性是控制本区幔源包体地球化学及其岩石变形、结晶程度之间相关性的重要因素。     

南秦岭Pb,Zn,Ag,Cu,Hg,Sb,菱铁矿成矿系列

以泥盆系占优势的南秦岭成矿带中存在有重要的Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ－Ａｇ，Ａｕ，Ｈｇ－Ｓｂ及Ｃｕ矿床。它们形成中晚古生带扬子地块北部被动大陆边缘的沉积盆地演化与造山期中，成矿系列显示出时间与空间的演化特征，构在了一个热水沉积成矿系列，成矿发生于一个热旋回中，各种矿化有相似的物源，每一种地质事件都有特定的金属富集及富集在型和大型矿床是该地区构造－岩浆变质变形作用的最终产物。     

等离子体质谱法测定岩石中的铌,钽,锆,铪,钍,铀

应用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法测定了岩石中的痕量Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ，给出了检出限，并对酸溶和碱熔两种制样方法进行了对比实验。     

Quaternary： status, rank, definition, survival

The long controversy over the term ‘Quaternary‘ as a chronostratigraphic unit may be reaching an apotheosis, judging from recent papers (Pillans and Naish, 2004; Gibbard et al., 2005; and referencest herein). The debate is no longer centered on whether there should be a place in the geological time scale for a unit termed ‘Quaternary‘-despite its dubious past, it cannot be denied that a large body of earth-historical research is strongly identified with this term. The challenge now concerns an appropriate rank and definition of Quaternary with regard to other chronostratigraphic units. Several options have been proposed (Pillans and Naish, 2004), and Gibbard et al. (2005) encourage a debate on these before decision is reached. In this brief note, we describe an arrangement not previously considered that seems advantageous. It is instructive, however, to first review the Pleistocene Series and Neogene System, the two units that are directly affected by introduction of the Quaternary into the chronostratigraphic hierarchy.     

大陆漂移, 板块构造, 地质力学

本文简要地介绍了魏格纳大陆漂移说的主要内容及其提出的依据; 论述了在大陆漂移说的基础上, 由于海洋地质地球物理调查发现了大洋中脊、洋底扩张, 解释了大陆张裂的机制, 并建立了全球板块构造理论, 形成现代地学思想的革命; 李四光在大陆漂移说提出的同时已在积极地探讨和论述大陆地壳水平运动问题, 并结合中国大陆实际, 发展了陆内碰撞变形理论, 即包括全球大陆构造体系在内的地质力学理论和方法。他强调地质力学是一支脚站在地质上, 另一支脚站在力学上来研究地壳运动和变形现象。后来更扩大了其在资源、环境方面的应用。文章对魏格纳大陆漂移说、全球板块构造理论及地质力学三者的关系做了深入探讨, 论述了李四光地质力学理论方法的现代意义、超前意义, 提出要重视和发扬李四光留给中国人民的宝贵遗产, 建议深入学习李四光的著述, 结合地质调查新成果去丰富它和发展它。     

Source,transport, and fate of rhenium,selenium, molybdenum,arsenic, and copper in groundwater associated with porphyry–Cu deposits,Atacama Desert,Chile

We collected groundwaters in and around a large (313 Mt at 1.08% Cu and 0.3% cutoff) undisturbed porphyry copper deposit (Spence) in the hyperarid Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which is buried beneath 30–180 m of Miocene piedmont gravels. Groundwaters within and down-flow of the Spence deposit have elevated Se (up to 800 μg/l), Re (up to 31 μg/l), Mo (up to 475 μg/l) and As (up to 278 μg/l) concentrations compared to up-flow waters (interpreted to represent regional groundwater flow). In contrast, Cu is only elevated (up to 2036 μg/l) in groundwaters recovered from within the deposit; Cu concentrations are low down gradient of the deposit. The differential behavior of the metals/metalloids occurs because the former group dissolves as anions, enhancing their mobility, whereas the base metals dissolve as cations and are lost from solution most likely through adsorption to clay surface exchange sites and through formation of secondary copper chlorides, carbonates, and oxides. Most groundwaters within and down-flow of the deposit have Eh–pH values around the Fe^II/Fe^III phase boundary, limiting the impact of Fe-oxyhydroxides on oxyanions mobility. Se, Re, Mo, and As are all mobile (with filtered/unfiltered samples ～ 1) to the limit of sampling 2 km down gradient from the deposit. The increase in ore-related metals, metalloids, and sulfate and decrease in sulfate–S isotope ratios (from values similar to regional salars, + 4 to + 8‰ δ³⁴S_CDT to lower values closer to hypogene sulfides, + 1 to + 4‰ δ³⁴S_CDT) is consistent with active water–rock reactions between saline groundwaters and the Spence deposit. It is likely that hypogene and/or supergene sulfides are being oxidized under the present groundwater conditions and mineral saturation calculations suggest that secondary copper minerals (antlerite, atacamite, malachite) may also be actively forming, suggesting that supergene and exotic copper mineralization is possible even under the present hyperarid climate of the Atacama Desert.     

201富铀矿床氢,氧,碳,硫,铅同位素研究

产于花岗岩中的２０１铀矿床是我国花岗岩型铀矿富矿之一。本文通过氢、氧、碳、硫、铅同位素组成的研究，探讨成矿溶液和成矿物质的来源，推测成矿环境。研究结果表明，该矿床成矿流体是以大气降水为主，主要成矿物质来自前燕山期花岗岩体，可能部分来自下部地壳，成矿作用是在较稳定的物化条件下进行。     

Nb,Mo,Ti,Ta,W掺杂硅化石墨扫描电镜研究

以硅粉的1％，2％－10％（wB）将Nb,Mo,Ti,Ta,W等5种金属粉掺入硅粉中，用液硅渗透法（LSP）制务出系列掺杂硅化石墨样品，这对些样品抗折，抗拉强测试结果：Nb(6%)－硅化石墨性能最优，抗拉强度提高了20％－27％，Mo(1%),Mo(5%)掺杂效果次之，而Ti(7%),Ta(3%),W(7%)等的杂反使材料强度降低。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析显示：Nb(6%）掺杂使抗担强增强的原因在于，新的铌与碳的间隙化合物相的生成，减小了硅化石墨显微结构的尺寸，且使材料外层及内核结构均匀，致密，统一，因而能有效分散应力集中，缓冲裂纹扩张，增大承载截面，从而提高材料力学性能。相反Ti(7%),Ta(3%)等掺杂后，尽管使材料外层结构致密，但内部结构疏松，晶粒，孔隙尺寸不大小不一，形态各异，外结构极不统一，导致材料性能下降。     

宝山区粮田土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,铬,汞含量的初步研究

本文研究了宝山区粮田土壤六种重金属铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、汞的含量及范围,土壤中重金属含量与污染源及土壤类型存在一定的关系。本区土壤中的六种重金属元素含量都在正常值范围之内。总体而言,我区粮田土壤没有受到污染,但个别地区的淞南、吴淞、葑塘等乡则受到了一定程度的污染。