青海省地震前兆台网技术系统维护

简要介绍了青海省地震前兆台网的基本概况以及前兆台网中心的职责任务,阐述在前兆台网技术系统维护过程中解决的一些常见技术问题,最后提出区域地震前兆台网正常高效运行的一点建议.     

辽宁省地震前兆台网的运行、管理模式及常见问题处置方法

十五前兆台网改造完成并投入运行后,随着监测司关于运行管理各项规章制度的相继出台,辽宁前兆台网管理体系逐步完善。本文阐述了当前辽宁省地震前兆台网的总体运行、管理、维护情况,对存在的问题进行了详细分析并提出了相应的解决办法。     

地震前兆台网oracle数据库与管理系统的维护与管理

介绍了前兆台网“九五”和模拟观测系统并入“十五”观测系统的技术系统及其特点,指出前兆台网运行维护和管理过程出现的一些主要问题并提出最优的廨决方法,特别是对oracle数据库和数据管理系统进行技术分析．解决前兆台网技术系统的主要技术问题,提高了维护与管理前兆台网的运行效率。     

数字化地震前兆资料的管理和初步应用

介绍了吉林省地震局前兆台网中心的软硬件构成、数据库设计、前兆台网中心的运行以及数字化前兆资料的管理，并对数字化前兆资料在地震预报中的应用进行了初步探讨。     

石家庄地震前兆台网月评价系统

基于VB语言,利用C/S架构,编写石家庄地震前兆台网月评价系统,设置不同功能单元,开展仪器运行监控、台网日常运维监控,通过界面选择相应日期,读取省前兆台网中心发布的《运行监控日报》等Excel文件,使用input box函数等在文本框中输入、统计、计算,并显示地震前兆台网月评价成绩及台网运行情况。     

天津市地震前兆台站综合评比及软件研制

中国地震局、天津市地震局高度重视前兆台网运行管理工作,介绍天津市地震局前兆台站综合评比工作,及综合评比软件的功能特点、表结构设计、综合得分统计原则等.这项工作的开展,有效提高了前兆台网运行管理水平,并取得了较好的效果.     

中国地震前兆台网主要问题探讨

通过“十五”中国数字地震观测网络项目建设,中国地震前兆台网的建设和运行维护取得了巨大的进步,但也存在一些不足之处。本文从观测、运行和服务等几个方面对中国地震前兆台网存在的一些不足之处进行了全面分析总结,提出了对这些问题的解决方法,以供今后前兆台网建设时参考。     

对山西地震前兆台网运行工作的思考

文章对省地震局地震前兆台站的建设现状、发展状况及前兆台网室现行的管理、运行模式做了一一介绍。针对此,提出了几点改进建议,对前兆台网的正常运行,提高观测质量、观测数据的利用率有一定的参考价值。     

新疆数字地震前兆台网运行管理中的问题分析

随着科学技术的不断发展,我国地震前兆观测技术由模拟记录到数字记录转变的实现,地震前兆数字化观测技术日趋成熟、稳定,地震前兆数字化观测普及程度越来越大,产出的数字化观测资料己得到越来越广泛的应用,数字化地震前兆台网的效益亦愈发明显,但也不可避免地存在着技术和管理方面的一些问题。通过介绍新疆数字地震前兆台网中心的运行管理,分析数字地震前兆台网中心的运行管理中出现的一些问题和几点思考。     

中国地震前兆台网观测技术系统整合

我国地震前兆台网先后经历了“模拟和人工”、“九五”数字化、“十五”网络化等3个阶段,目前并行运转着“模拟和人工”、“九五”、“十五”等3套观测系统,这增大了前兆台网运行维护工作的复杂性.2010年起开始实施的前兆台网改造升级工作,将“九五”、“模拟和人工”观测系统整体并入了“十五”系统.其主要工作内容包括台站接入改造、前兆专业软件升级和并网仪器历史数据的迁移等几个方面,以实现前兆台网3套观测系统统一的运行监控、数据采集、存储、交换、管理和服务.本文系统分析了前兆台网观测系统的现状和存在的问题,介绍了观测系统整合的主要工作内容、技术关键点、取得的成果和效益等.     

Hydrodynamic behaviour of karstic aquifers in Boroujerd,western Iran

Abstract

Considering the geological conditions of the southwest of Boroujerd and northwest of Doroud, Iran, karst development is analysed with respect to the hydrodynamic behaviour of the main draining springs of the units and the karstic aquifers are classified as either those developed in Cretaceous limestone or those developed in Oligomiocene limestone. For this purpose, the yields of the main karstic springs of the region—Absardeh and Zoorabad (Cretaceous karstic limestone aquifer), Kalamsooz and Azizabad (Oligomiocene karstic limestone aquifer)—were measured and analysed. Analysis of the recession curve is used for hydrodynamical analysis and to construct the conceptual model for estimation of karst development in the selected aquifers. Based on the results, the dynamic storage capacity of the saturated zone in Cretaceous limestone is evaluated as low to medium and that in Oligomiocene limestone as medium to high. The dynamic storage capacity of the unsaturated zone in Cretaceous limestone is evaluated as high and that in Oligomiocene limestone as low to medium. Moreover, the contribution of quickflow in karstic aquifers developed in the Cretaceous limestone drained by the Absardeh and Zoorabad springs is 23.5 and 82.2%, respectively, and that for the Kalamsooz and Azizabad springs (Oligomiocene limestone) is 5.7 and 22.5%, respectively. Flow in the Cretaceous limestone aquifer drained by the Zoorabad Spring is of concentrated type and the main flow occurs in the well-developed karstic conduits. The main flow in the Oligomiocene limestone aquifer, drained by the Kalamsooz Spring, occurs in a network of joints and fractures and the contribution of concentrated flow is very low. The transmissivity of the saturated zone in the karstic aquifer drained by the Zoorabad and Absardeh springs is medium to high and that for the Kalamsooz and Azizabad springs is found to be low.     

地震荷载下考虑管内有压流体的PCCP耦合动力分析

PCCP（预应力钢筒混凝土管）因其优良性能被广泛应用于我国水利水电及市政给排水等生命线工程的建设中。现有研究多为静力分析,少有学者对PCCP管内流体的动力相互作用开展研究。本文利用ABAQUS对PCCP结构及其管内流体在地震荷载下的双向流固耦合作用进行分析,开展了考虑流固耦合与未耦合条件下管道各个结构层的动力响应。进一步计算了考虑内水压力、地震荷载大小和管内水流速度等条件变化对管道受力变形特性的影响。结果表明:流固耦合模型能更加真实地还原和模拟在役PCCP的工作状态;内水压力显著影响管道的受力状态,PCCP结构随着输水压力的增大逐步由受压状态向受拉过渡,且受拉区域和拉应力峰值逐渐增大;管内水流速对应力场影响很微弱。     

Vorkommen natürlicher und synthetischer östrogener Steroide in Wässern des süd‐ und mitteldeutschen Raumes

Distribution of Natural and Synthetic Estrogenic Steroid Hormones in Water Samples from Southern and Middle Germany Natural and synthetic hormones can reach surface waters via domestic sewage effluents. For drinking water production, bank filtration of river waters is a common procedure and hormone contaminations can potentially reach groundwater levels and drinking water sources. In order to analyse steroid hormones in the different aquatic compartments (raw sewage and effluent, surface water, groundwater, raw and drinking water) of South and Middle Germany, a sensitive analytical method was developed and employed to detect the natural steroid hormones estradiol (E2) and estrone and the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE2). Samples which were taken in two subsequent series were subjected to clean‐up and enrichment procedure and subsequently analysed by HPLC‐MS. The limit of quantitation for the method was determined to be 0.05 to 0.5 ng/L, depending on the matrix. By treating the samples with glucuronidases/arylsulfatases, conjugates were amenable to analysis and the sum of conjugates and unconjugated steroids was calculated. In raw sewage, the median of the concentrations of the unconjugated steroids was 7 ng/L for EE2, 1.5 ng/L for E2, and 5.5 ng/L for estrone. After cleavage of conjugates, the medians of total steroids were 9.5 ng/L (EE2), 3 ng/L (E2), and 13 ng/l (estrone). Conjugates therefore contributed up to 50 % of the total steroid concentration in raw sewage. In treated effluents, the concentrations of steroids were much lower than in the raw sewage. The medians of free steroids were determined to be 0.3 ng/L for EE2, 0.2 ng/L for E2, and 2.5 ng/L for estrone. Overall the medians in the effluent were thus less than 10% of those in the influent. Conjugates still contributed significantly (40% and more) to the steroid concentrations (medians: EE2: 0.5 ng/L, E2: 0.8 ng/L, and estrone: 8 ng/L).     

模块化外框内箱结构抗震性能分析

基于《集装箱模块化组合房屋技术规程》中的要求,为提高模块化集装箱建筑的抗震性能,增加房屋的使用高度,提出了一种外框内箱结构,其由外框柱、外框梁和模块化集装箱拼装组成。为验证外框内箱结构的抗震性能,对六层传统集装箱结构和外框内箱结构进行了数值仿真分析,对比分析两种结构的层间位移角和构件应力分布等。结果表明:外框内箱结构竖向刚度分布均匀,受力更加合理,传力更加明确,能有效地减小内部集装箱构件内力,其能更好的实现结构"强柱弱梁和强节点"需求,提高结构的安全性和可靠性。     

Dispersion of marked fluid in reservoirs

The paper gives relationships for predicting reservoir circulation generated by radial and tangential jets. These relationships show the importance of the reservoir's aspect-ratio, and the Reynolds number of the jet.Details are also given of concentration-experiments using the conductivity and fluorimetric methods, and incorporating various inlet and outlet arrangements. Peripheral and radial dispersion-coefficients were obtained, and found to be of the same order of magnitude. These coefficients were dependent on the size of the model and on the local Reynolds numbers. The values of dispersion coefficients for reservoirs are similar to those for one-dimensional open channel flow.     

亚洲地区ECMWF/NCEP资料计算 ZTD的精度分析

对流层延迟是卫星导航定位的主要误差源,气象观测的数值预报资料可用来计算对流层延迟改正量.本文通过分布于亚洲地区的49个GPS台站一年的实测ZTD资料,对利用欧洲中尺度天气预报中心(ECMWF)分析资料、美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)再分析资料和NCEP预报资料,计算对流层天顶延迟(ZTD)改正的有效性和可能达到的精度进行了评估,分析了ECMWF和NCEP在亚洲地区的适用程度和其分辨率对计算ZTD精度的影响.研究结果表明:(1)相对于 GPS实测ZTD,用ECMWF资料计算ZTD的bias和rms分别为-1.0 cm 和2.7 cm,优于NCEP再分析资料,可用于高精度ZTD研究和应用;NCEP预报数据计算ZTD的bias和rms分别为2.4 cm 和 6.8 cm,足以满足广大GNSS实时导航定位用户对流层延迟改正的需要.(2)bias和rms呈现明显的季节性变化,总体上夏季大,冬季小;在空间分布上随着纬度的变化不明显,但随高度的增加rms总体上有递减趋势.另外还发现,亚洲东部地区夏季日平均bias和rms和南部热带地区冬季的日平均bias和rms变化相对较大.(3)ECMWF2.5°和0.5°的资料进行了对比分析,发现0.5°分辨率资料的rms比2.5°减小1~5 mm.这些结果,为在亚洲地区的空间大地测量、导航定位和INSAR等工作中,应用ECMWF/NCEP的资料进行对流层大气延迟改正的有效性和可能达到的精度提供了重要参考.     

郯庐断裂带南段韧性剪切带糜棱岩化过程中长石成分和结构状态变化特征的研究

在对郯庐断裂带南段３条韧性剪切带中糜棱岩及围岩进行矿物组合、结构构造观察研究的基础上,对长石矿物进行了多项分析测试,发现长石成分及其结构状态参数的变化与构造应力场的构造作用存在明显的对应关系：随剪切变形作用的加强,长石矿物的结构状态参数呈增大趋势,矿物单位晶胞的体积和斜长石中Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比值随之减小;长石的变形指数（Ｉｓｓ）和斜长石中的钙长石分子（Ａｎ）与岩石的变形强度呈明显的正相关关系。这些研究结果为探讨构造变形场中矿物岩石的变形 变质作用提供了一种简捷有效的手段     

DISCUSSION ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF ZHAN-JIANG BAY AREA FROM THE VIEW OF DEEP FAULT SYSTEM INTERPRETED BASED ON THE GRAVITY DATA

The neotectonics in Zhanjiang Bay area is almost the inferred faults and there are not any active faults seen on the ground surface. So it is difficult for research on the seismogenic structure. This paper analyzes and interpretes the gravity data that can reflect the feature of deep faults and then discusses the seismogenic structure of Zhanjiang Bay area in combination with its geology and earthquake activity. There is a huge NEE-trending high gravity gradient belt lying in the coastal region among Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and Zhanjiang Bay is located in this gravity gradient belt. We analyzed and interpreted more than eighty images obtained with many different methods one by one, then, got the result that Zhanjiang Bay area is embraced by two giant fault belts trending in the NEE and NW direction respectively, and its interior is crossed over by the NE-trending fault belt. These three fault belts are well shown in the gravity images, especially the NEE-trending fault belt and NW one. The gravity isolines and gradient belts or the thick black stripes of the NEE-and NW-trending fault belts are displayed apparently. Also, these gravity structures are good in continuity, extend vastly and cut deeply. What is more, the NEE-trending fault belt plays a leading and region-controlling part. It shows good continuity, and cuts off the NW-and NE-trending faults frequently and intensively. The NW-trending fault belt also is good in continuity and cuts the NEE-and NE-trending faults relatively frequently and strongly, but it is restricted by the NEE-trending one. Last, the continuity of the NE-trending fault is worse and the strength cutting off NE-and NW-trending faults is significantly weak, just in some segments and in the shallow positions. According to the characteristics above and combined with the analyses of geological structure and earthquake activity, the conclusion can be drawn that the NEE-trending fault is the controlling structure and the main seismogenic structure in Zhanjiang Bay area, and the NW-trending fault is the second one. They conjugate and act together. Therefore, Zhanjiang Bay has the tectonic condition for generating M_S=6.5 earthquakes.     

Rejuvenated extension of the Philippine Sea plate and its effect on subduction dynamics in the Nankai Trough

The Nankai Trough, Japan, is a subduction zone characterized by the recurrence of disastrous earthquakes and tsunamis. Slow earthquakes and associated tremor also occur intermittently and locally in the Nankai Trough and the causal relationship between slow earthquakes and large earthquakes is important to understanding subduction zone dynamics. The Nankai Trough off Muroto, Shikoku Island, near the southeast margin of the rupture segment of the 1946 Nankai earthquake, is one of three regions where slow earthquakes and tremor cluster in the Nankai Trough. On the Philippine Sea plate, the rifting of the central domain of the Shikoku Basin was aborted at ~15 Ma and underthrust the Nankai forearc off Muroto. Here, the Tosa-Bae seamount and other high-relief features, which are northern extension of the Kinan Seamount chain, have collided with and indented the forearc wedge. In this study, we analyzed seismic reflection profiles around the deformation front of accretionary wedge and stratigraphically correlated them to drilling sites off Muroto. Our results show that the previously aborted horst-and-graben structures, which were formed around the spreading center of the Shikoku Basin at ~15 Ma, were rejuvenated locally at ~6 Ma and more regionally at ~3.3 Ma and have remained active since. The reactivated normal faulting has enhanced seafloor roughness and appears to affect the locations of slow earthquakes and tremors. Rejuvenated normal faulting is not limited to areas near the Nankai Trough, and extends more than 200 km into the Shikoku Basin to the south. This extension might be due to extensional forces applied to the Philippine Sea plate, which appear to be driven by slab-pull in the Ryukyu and Philippine trenches along the western margin of the Philippine Sea plate.