太行山东缘典型岩溶泉流量变化特征及规律分析

为揭示太行山东缘小南海泉流量变化特征及规律,基于小南海泉1971-2016年的流量资料,采用R/S分析法、Mann-Kendall趋势分析法和小波分析法,探讨小南海泉流量变化规律及特征。结果表明:小南海泉年流量呈显著下降趋势,年变化幅度为0.05 m3·s-1;未来泉流量的变化趋势和过去一致,具有持续性特征,且持续性强烈;泉流量的变化存在约15、27年的主周期与6年的次周期。降水量的减少和气温的增加是导致泉流量减少的主要气象因素,且这种暖干化现象会持续发展。泉流量对降雨的响应存在一定的滞后,流量与前五个月的月降水量均呈高度相关,其中与前2月的降水相关性最高,研究成果可为小南海泉水资源合理开发和保护提供依据。      

泉域地下水数值模拟及泉流量动态变化预测

本文对位于岩溶地区的小南海泉泉域地下水进行了数值模拟和水平衡分析，全面分析了降雨、河、渠、库地表水系入渗对地下水动态变化的影响，模拟了泉流量动态变化与区域地下水关系。在此基础上，分析了不同气候条件和开采方案对泉流量的影响。模型计算结果表明，小南海泉流量多年平均相对变化率与降雨量多年平均变化率基本一致，减少泉域地下水开采量，特别是矿坑排水可有效地增加枯期泉流量。     

洪山泉流量动态及影响因素分析

以39年洪水泉流量观测资料为基础，对泉水稳定性、变化特征及影响因素进行了探讨分析，结果表明洪水泉39年的泉水流量动态曲线出现了4个高峰、4个低谷，峰谷交替时间间隔周期为8年左右。大气降水是洪水泉水的主要补给来源，对泉水补给存在着8年的滞后期，是控制着泉水的流量的主要因素，随着多年降雨量的减少泉水流量呈下降趋势，采煤及地下水超采改变了地下水的补经排条件，影响了洪水泉水量水质，也是洪水泉流量减少的重要原因，今后应加强洪水泉的保护，进行合理开发以达到可持续利用的目的。     

山西娘子关泉流量的滑动平均模拟

<正> 娘子关泉位于山西省平定县娘子关附近,多年平均流量11.7米~3/秒,为一稳定型岩溶泉水,从水循环角度看,泉水流量实质上是地下水系统对补给调蓄作用的结果,泉流量动态不仅保留大气降水周期性变化的特征,而且包含着地下水系统调蓄作用的信息。笔者应用滑动平均模型,试图通过对娘子关泉流量与降水量之关系的模拟,从统计平均角度揭示地下水系统的总体特征,探讨泉流量动态预测、计算地下水资源的方法,为类似水文地质区地下水资源计算提供一个范例。      

吕梁市泉水流量变化分析

泉水是吕梁市水资源的主要部分,也是山区人畜饮水的主力水源。吕梁市水文勘测分局于2009年春季,对全市的泉水进行勘测调查,介绍了勘测调查中的测验及计算方法,详细分析了调查成果;结果表明,吕梁泉水分布较广,泉水流量小,呈总体减少趋势,泉水水质较好。最后提出加强泉水流量监测的建议。     

济南岩溶含水系统滞迟效应分析

济南岩溶含水系统的泉水位和泉流量明显滞迟于降水量。利用峰值时段差、原始序列回归等方法,并考虑了降水量、泉水位、泉流量周期性的影响,计算出济南岩溶含水系统的滞迟时间为2～6个月。以不同滞迟时间建立了泉流量预测模型,并进行了对比分析,滞迟时间6个月预测模型,预测精度较高,物理概念不明确;滞迟时间2个月预测模型,预测精度稍差,但物理概念明确,建议采用该模型进行泉流量预测。     

气候变化及人类活动对中国北方岩溶泉的影响——以山西柳林泉为例

中国是岩溶最发育的国家之一,全球岩溶面积的1/4分布在中国.由于岩溶含水层对环境变化非常敏感,岩溶泉已经成为人们研究气候变化与人类活动对环境影响的重要信息载体.本文以中国北方具有代表性的柳林泉为研究对象,经过分析认为1957～1973年泉水流量基本上处于自然状态,因此,我们利用1973年前的泉水流量,建立了气候变化条件下泉水流量的灰色系统模型,将该模型外推,获得了1974～2005年气候变化条件下的泉水流量,与同期实测流量相比较,得到了人类活动对泉水流量衰减的贡献.结果表明,1974～2005年,气候变化对泉水流量衰减的贡献仅为人类活动对泉水流量衰减贡献量的8.1%～8.6%,人类活动对泉水流量的衰减起着主要作用.在人类活动对泉水流量的影响中,地下水开采量仅占到其中的20%～35%;其他因素包括水库的修建、跨区域地下水袭夺、矿坑排水、泉域内森林植被的破坏等等,他们对泉水流量衰减的贡献占到65%～80%.因此,传统的单纯以地下水开采量作为人类活动对泉水的影响是不合理的.     

数值模拟方法在岩溶大泉泉口集中供水评价中的应用研究

在地下水流数值模拟中,一般将泉水概化为已知的汇项来处理,而预测水源地的开采对泉水的干扰影响时,泉流量是待求的。利用数学模型的调节反馈功能,通过将延河、下河泉区水位近似恒定作为约束条件,逐时段反复调试泉水流量进行水位拟合,较好地解决了延河泉域人工开采干扰泉水溢流量预报这一难题。     

下河泉域岩溶地下水资源量分析评价

依据下河泉域水文地质条件,采用补给量法及排泄量法计算分析了泉域岩溶地下水资源量;依据泉水历年流量变化过程,采用水文过程曲线法、流量衰减分析法及频率分析法,计算分析了泉域岩溶水可开采量。     

郭庄泉流量衰减趋势分析及保护对策

根据对郭庄泉流量衰减原因、水质污染及泉水资源开发利用管理中存在的问题进行分析,提出注重生态环境建设,防止水质进一步恶化,加强基础工作研究,加强采煤排水管理,防止泉域内岩溶水开采条件恶化,加强节约用水,提高泉水资源利用效率四项泉水保护的建议。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)