日本2008年度各部门地震调查研究主要项目及其政府预算概算

地震调查研究推动本部根据1998年1月9日推动本部决定和2006年2月17日修订后的《地震调查研究推进本部预算等事务调整意见》,就2008年度的地震调查研究预算概算要求,听取有关行政机关、独立行政法人、国立大学法人的意见,对2008年度地震调查研究预算作了调整,结果如下并于2007年8月31日公布。日本地震调查研究推动本部制定2008年度地震调查研究项目预算时,遵循和采取了以下方针和措施。(1)推动地震调查观测:推动基础调查观测(设置、维持与更新观测仪器),推动重点调查观测。(2)进一步提高地震发生可能性的长期评价、强震动预测等(概观全国地震…     

有关日本地学方面的消息4则

1　 2 0 0 1年度政府有关地震调查研究的预算总额约为 1 60亿日元　　地震调查研究推进本部的统计结果表明 ,2 0 0 1年度政府有关地震调查研究的预算比上一年度减少约 4亿日元 ,总额为 1 60 .41亿日元。本年度预算将用于以下几个方面 :1 )为实现地震调查委员会 2 0 0 4年制成地震动预测图的目标 ,防灾科学技术研究所着手研究新的制作方法。2 )在有关地震的地基调查观测设施方面 ,防灾科学技术研究所还将不断添置高灵敏度地震观测设施和宽频带地震计。3 )政策委员会调查观测计划分会将建立一种更完善的高精度地震观测数据的流通体制。在上一…     

日本防灾科学技术研究所机构变更

日本防灾科学技术研究所机构变更１９９６年５月１１日，日本防灾科学技术研究所的“地震预报研究中心”更名为“地震调查研究中心”。这是以１９９５年兵库县南部地震为契机制定的“地震防灾对策特别措施法”出台后，日本“地震调查研究推进本部”启动以来的相关举措。这...     

零讯

零讯日本增加预算开展地震综合研究堪称战后最大震灾的阪神大地震，迫使日本大幅度地重新研究过去的体制。日本关于地震的调查研究，一直是根据科学技术会议的答询和测地学审议会的建议等进行的。不过，１９９５年６月９日通过了目的在于为推进对地震的调查研究而完善体制...     

我国农村地震安全政策法规综述

通过文献调查、问卷调查、专家组访谈和入户访谈等方法收集基础资料,对我国中央和地方农村地震安全政策法规现状进行了调查统计和简要分析,分别从各级政府农村地震安全政策和农村地震安全法律法规两个大方面梳理总结农村地震安全相关的要求与规定。指出农村地震安全政策法规存在的问题有:需进一步明确农村地震安全的战略和目标、需进一步完善农村地震安全的法律法规、需进一步强化政府监管、需进一步建立健全农村地震安全投入和保障机制。     

安徽安庆M_S4.8级地震现场调查启示与震害特征分析

本文通过安庆MS4.8级地震现场调查和震害特征分析,探讨了5.0级左右中强地震现场调查的自身安全保障、灾民恐惧心理安抚,以及震害分布、震害损失、人员伤亡等,旨在为将来5.0级左右中强破坏性地震开展现场调查和研究震害特征等提供参考。     

中国地震安全农居示范工程综述

本文从建设社会主义新农村的高度,以提高农村民居抗御地震灾害的能力为目标,论述了在我国农村地区实施地震安全农居工程的必要性、可行性和目标;介绍了“十一五”国家防震减灾规划重点项目-地震安全农居示范工程的建设内容。涉及农村民居基础资料调查与抗震能力评价、农村民居抗震实用化技术研究与开发、地震安全农居示范工程建设、农村民居防震减灾知识宣传和技术培训、农村民居抗震技术服务网建设、地震安全农居工程投入机制、政策研究及国际合作等方面。     

日本设立加强地震研究综合推进总部

为了健全综合性推进有关地震实验研究所需的体制,进一步推动地震研究,日本科学技术厅防灾科学技术研究所设置了“地震研究综合推进总部"(负责人为滨田和郎)。该总部下设地震顶报研究组(负责人冈田义光)治)、个组。、地壳现象基础研究组(负责人坂田正地震防灾研究组(负责人小川信行)三译白稼科学新闻》     

地震科技情报资源的价值

分析了地球科学信息的分类、使用价值及其存在的问题，作者调查了研究我多种地震科技情报资源在科研、生产、技术贸易、国家安全、国际交流等方面的利用价值，以引起有关决策和研究人员对地震科技情报资源的价值和应用的重视。     

日本文部省2013年度关于地震调查研究的规划

引言 文部科学省作为地震调查研究推进本部（以下简称地震本部）的事业局,在圆满推进地震本部的各项审议和活动的同时,还把减轻地震、海啸灾害作为目标,从事配备海底观测网、南海海槽和日本海等海域的调查、全国主要活断层调查等各种关于地震的调查研究.这里介绍的是文部省2013年度将实施的主要规划.     

Changes in sediment transport in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China

In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January.     

Variations in trace gas concentrations in different environments in India

Observations of trace gases (SO₂, NH₃, NO₂ and O₃) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH₃ was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO₂ were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO₂, NH₃ and NO₂ showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world.     

TritiogenicHe in groundwater in Takaoka

³He/⁴He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The³He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic³He produced by in-situ beta-decay of³H. This shows that tritiogenic³He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic³He and³H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic³He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the³H counting method.     

Projected changes in flood indices in selected catchments in Poland in the 21st century

The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate.     

Changes in thermal extremes in Poland

Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong.     

Copper in natural waters in Transbaikalia

Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values.     

Hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period

Abstract

The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly.