辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中石榴石特征及种类鉴定

辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿区金伯利岩中的石榴石一直被当作镁铝榴石。为了确定矿区颜色复杂的石榴石种类,本文对矿区的石榴石进行了系统的采样分析,测定了112件石榴石样品的晶胞参数、50件样品的微区化学成分和40件样品的红外光谱。利用石榴石晶胞参数、红外光谱、化学成分和化学分子式方法对矿区石榴石进行分类,结果显示:晶胞参数分类法误差大,容易得出错误结论;红外图谱分类法准确度不高,只能作为参考方法;化学成分分类法太过笼统,达不到详细划分石榴石种类的目的;化学分子式分类法可把矿区的石榴石详细划分6个矿种:镁钙铁-铝铬铁榴石、镁铁钙-铝铬铁榴石、镁钙铁-铝铬榴石、镁钙-铝铬铁镁榴石、镁铁钙-铝铬榴石、镁铁钙-铝铁铬榴石,每种石榴石都充分反映了A、B离子的种类及占位特征,是4种分类方法中最为科学的方法。研究认为瓦房店金刚石矿区金伯利岩中石榴石A端元成分以Mg²⁺离子占位为主;B端元成分以Al³⁺离子占位为主。由于阳离子替代普遍,A、B端元成分复杂,瓦房店金伯利岩中不存在单纯意义上的镁铝榴石。     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物种类划分及指示意义

晶体矿物学理论认为不同成岩环境金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物由于形成物理化学条件不同,其晶体结构和化学成分会发生明显的变化,通过对无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩岩管中的尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数和化学成分的测定,研究尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数变化与无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩的内在关系,可以提高金伯利岩型金刚石矿床找矿效率。为了确定辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物种属,探讨辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数与金伯利岩含矿性关系,本文运用电子探针波谱仪对50件尖晶石族矿物中的MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO及Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,运用单晶X射线衍射仪对136个尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数进行测定。数据统计显示:瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物为铬铁矿和镁铬铁矿,以化学分子式中A、B组主要阳离子占位特征为基础,可把矿区的尖晶石族矿物划分为10个亚种;如果用尖晶石族矿物化学成分中Cr2O3与(Cr2O3+Al2O3)含量的比值Cr'来表示尖晶石族矿物与金伯利岩含矿性的关系,金伯利岩岩体含矿性由富矿→中等含矿→贫矿,相应岩体中尖晶石族矿物Cr'值分别为89.5%、83.4%~87.1%和70.2%,逐渐变低;从无矿金伯利岩岩体→贫矿和中等含矿金伯利岩岩体→富矿金伯利岩岩体,金伯利岩体中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数分别为0.831~0.832 nm、0.834~0.836 nm、0.837 nm,有逐渐变大的趋势。本文认为,辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数大小和Cr'参数可以作为判断辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩含矿性的指示标型。     

山东省埃子王家—原疃矿区成矿流体特征及流体来源

[摘 要] 通过对埃子王家-原疃矿区流体包裹体岩相学、测温学及铅、硫同位素等的分析,研究其成矿流体性质和演化,并探讨矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源,结果表明:①流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体;包裹体液相成分阳离子以K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺为主,阴离子以SO²₄、Cl^-、F^-为主;气相成分以H₂O、CO₂、CH₄为主;②成矿流体均一温度、盐度分别为120～350℃,4. 26%～8. 66%,为中低温(200℃以下为70%)、低盐度的流体;③²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 范围为16. 217～18. 034;²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 范围为15.180～16.889;²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 范围为36. 586～39. 987。分析认为,本区铅同位素来源应为壳幔混合源。     

河北矾山杂岩体中单斜辉石的研究

河北矾山杂岩体属于二氧化硅不饱和的超钾质碱性-过碱性岩浆系列,由单斜辉石岩、辉石正长岩和碱长正长岩等不同类型岩石组成。各类型岩石主要组成矿物为单斜辉石、黑云母、石榴石和正长石。本文利用电子探针对单斜辉石进行了详细研究,发现所有单斜辉石属于高钙透辉石,随着岩浆的演化,主要表现为Fe²⁺对Mg²⁺的替代关系,结晶趋势为透辉石→钙铁辉石,这揭示矾山杂岩体岩浆体系的特点是高温、中等大小的氧逸度、贫硅、富碱（尤其是钾）。辉石中的Al^IV含量取决于岩浆的硅饱和度,硅越不饱和,Al^IV含量越高;Al^VI含量则与体系中的Al含量呈正相关关系。由Al对Si的替代引起的电荷不平衡主要由八面体位置的Fe³⁺来补偿,其次为少量的Ti⁴⁺和更少量的Al³⁺。体系中的Ti含量与体系的温度呈正相关关系,而Na含量则与辉石中的Ti和Fe³⁺含量成正相关关系。不同类型岩石中单斜辉石从核部到边部随着Mg^#的降低,Al、Ti含量呈现不同的演化趋势,这是因为它们于岩浆演化的不同阶段开始结晶,经历了不同的岩浆演化史。碱性岩中高钙辉石的出现和成分环带的普遍发育是由岩浆的贫硅富钾特征决定的。单斜辉石的成分不仅受控于结晶时的温度、压力条件,也受控于岩浆的总成分及其变异。     

辽宁瓦房店和山东蒙阴金伯利岩中铬铁矿成分特征及指示意义

为了研究瓦房店和蒙阴矿区铬铁矿成分与金伯利岩含矿性关系,对2个矿区的铬铁矿进行了系统的采样,利用电子探针波谱技术测定了不同品位含矿岩管金伯利岩中的100个铬铁矿微区化学成分.分析结果表明：不同世代的铬铁矿的化学成分不同,主要差别在铬和铝2个元素上.如果用Cr/（Cr+Al）=Cr'来表示铬铁矿与金伯利岩含矿性的关系,那么金刚石包裹体中铬铁矿的Cr'值为89.75%;富矿岩体中的第一世代铬铁矿Cr'值为89.47%;中等含矿岩体中第一世代铬铁矿Cr'值为86.83%,第二世代铬铁矿Cr'值为82.74%;贫矿的岩体中第三世代铬铁矿Cr'值为68.98%.金伯利岩岩体中含金刚石由富到贫,对应岩石中铬铁矿Cr'值依次变低,具有明显的找矿矿物学特征.     

透闪石质玉中黄玉与糖玉致色成因差异研究

采用常规宝石学仪器并结合电子探针、电子顺磁共振谱及紫外-可见光谱等测试方法,对软玉中不同深浅的黄玉与糖玉样品进行了系统分析,以探讨其致色原因及其差异。分析结果表明,黄玉的致色原因主要为O^2-→Fe³⁺的电荷转移跃迁及Fe³⁺的⁶A₁→⁴T₂（D）跃迁,糖玉则主要由Fe³⁺的⁶A₁→⁴E （D）、⁶A₁→⁴T₂（D）谱项跃迁与Mn³⁺的Jahn-Teller效应致色。黄玉中O^2-→Fe³⁺的电荷转移跃迁导致可见光区的412~500 nm处吸收,是形成与控制黄玉颜色的重要因素;而糖玉因含有Mn³⁺致使黄绿色光被吸收而显示出黄绿色的补色。此外,Fe²⁺—Fe³⁺的荷移与Fe²⁺（⁵T₂）+Fe³⁺（⁶A₁）→Fe²⁺（⁵E）+Fe³⁺（⁶A₁）跃迁也对糖玉和黄玉的致色具有贡献。     

云南个旧锡铜矿集区石榴子石地球化学特征及成矿指示

云南高松矿床中高峰山矿段和老厂矿床中竹叶山矿段分别是个旧超大型锡铜多金属矿集区发育的典型矽卡岩型锡、铜矿段。为查明个旧矿集区锡铜成矿环境的差异,文章选取上述2个矿段矽卡岩中的石榴子石为研究对象,根据产状和矿物共生关系将石榴子石分为与高峰山花岗岩有关早期（Grt-GS1）、晚期（Grt-GS2）、与竹叶山花岗岩有关（Grt-ZS）和与玄武岩有关（Grt-ZX）共4类。电子探针（EPMA）和激光剥蚀等离子质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析表明：Grt-GS1(Adr_10.58-20.27Grs_38.62-48.28Spe_21.06-32.37Alm_11.88-18.03)成分复杂且变化范围较大,而Grt-GS2(Adr_48.09-69.73Grs_23.84-48.87Spe_3.29-9.58)和Grt-ZS (Adr_13.97-16.06Grs_78.08-79.71Spe_2.15-2.60)成分简单且变化小;稀土元素配分曲线均呈HREE富集、LREE亏损的“左倾型”,并具明显的负Eu异常。Grt-ZX成分简单且较均一(Adr_20.12-21.99Grs_70.84-71.44Pyr_6.29-7.92),稀土元素配分曲线呈HREE亏损、LREE富集的“右倾型”,呈明显的正Eu异常,且F、Cl、U、Th、Pb、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ti等元素含量均高于其余3类石榴子石。所有石榴子石REE³⁺与Mg²⁺的正相关性表明,REE³⁺受[X²⁺]Ⅷ-1[REE³⁺]Ⅷ+1[Y³⁺]Ⅳ-1[Y²⁺]Ⅳ+1替换机制的控制,REE³⁺主要替代Mg²⁺进入石榴子石晶格。石榴子石的U、Sn含量及稀土元素配分特征指示：高峰山石榴子石（Grt-GS1和Grt-GS2）在演化过程中氧逸度明显升高、竹叶山石榴子石（Grt-ZS和Grt-ZX）形成的氧逸度总体高于高峰山,但Grt-ZX形成时氧逸度低于Grt-ZS。稀土元素特征显示：Grt-GS1、Grt-GS2与Grt-ZS均形成于弱酸性环境,而Grt-ZX形成于近中性且富F、Cl的环境下。∑REE³⁺与Y呈良好的正相关性和REE含量变化指示4类石榴子石均形成于封闭或近封闭的体系中,在接近平衡和低水岩比的条件中受扩散交代作用缓慢生长而形成。综合研究表明,玄武岩对成矿的影响在于改变了流体性质,为成矿提供了大量微量元素（如Co、Ni、V、Cr等）和有利于成矿离子运移和富集的卤族元素（如F、Cl）,而高峰山矿段锡富集的原因可能是在演化过程中水岩反应的加强和氧逸度的升高。     

辽南42号金伯利岩管地质特征及找矿预测

辽南42号金伯利岩岩管主要由东部42-1号大岩管、西部42-2号小岩管和中部42-3号小小岩管组成。42-1号岩管从地表到40 m标高形态急剧收缩;42-2号岩管为烟筒状,40 m标高至-160 m标高面积比为1∶1.15;42-3岩管在-200 m标高处延深为脉状。42号岩管岩石类型为斑状金伯利岩、斑状富金云母金伯利岩、含或富含围岩角砾金伯利岩和含岩球斑状金伯利岩。岩石化学特征研究表明,岩石中w(SiO₂)、w(Al₂O₃)、w(TiO₂)值比山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩和戴里值偏高,w(MgO)、w(Cr₂O₃)、w(K₂O)、w(Na₂O)、w(P₂O₅)值较戴里值偏低,但w(K₂O)、w(Na₂O)、w(P₂O₅)值比山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩略高;w(ΣFe₂O₃+FeO)、w(CaO+H₂O)值与山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩及戴里值相当。通过采样分析42-2号岩管金刚石含量高,42-1号岩管金刚石含量低;研究认为受造岩矿物橄榄石和金云母的影响,金刚石含量与橄榄石斑晶含量正相关,与金云母含量呈负相关;伴生矿物铬铁矿、镁铝榴石、碳硅石含量高,则金刚石含量也随之增高,为正相关;而锐钛矿于金刚石含量为负相关。基于研究区的三维建模、推覆构造研究,推测42号岩管不是根部相,其东部可能存在深部金伯利岩体。     

长春新区地下水水质特征及其对生态健康的评价

【研究目的】为查明长春新区地下水特征及演化，支撑东北老工业基地建设。【研究方法】本文在调查取样的基础上，充分利用前人成果资料，应用SPSS分析软件、地下水污染分析软件，通过对长春新区的地质条件、水化学参数空间分布特征、地下水化学类型、地下水化学成因的分析，得出系列结果。【研究结果】长春新区地下水的硬度较高且矿化度较大，HCO₃^－在地下水的离子中占据主导，Ca²⁺、Cl^-、O₄^2-、Na⁺在地下水中的绝对质量浓度较高；pH、H₂SiO₃、Sr、TDS、Mg₂₊、HCO₃^－的质量浓度相对稳定；地下水离子以HCO₃^－和Ca²⁺为主；Na⁺和K+同时来自岩盐和硅酸岩的溶解；Ca²⁺和Mg₂₊主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解。区内地下水质量可分为四级，其中Ⅴ类水未评出。【结论】总体来看，Ⅰ类水占7.50%，Ⅱ类水占32.10%，Ⅲ类水占20.80%，Ⅳ类水占39.60%。较好以上地下水占60.4%，总体情况较好。创新点：研究了国家级新区的地下水化学、成因和演化，得出地下水的水质特征，有效支撑区域生态健康发展。     

藏南程巴岩体副矿物研究:岩浆源区的指示

藏南程巴岩体具有埃达克岩的地球化学性质,但其形成年代、产出位置和成矿组合不同于冈底斯带成矿斑岩。利用背反射图像和电子探针成分分析发现其具有钙碱性花岗岩不常见的副矿物组合:Fe-Ti氧化物+锆石+磷灰石+榍石+独居石+钍石+氟碳铈矿+晶质铀矿+水氟碳钙钍矿,其中独居石富Th,钍石富U,独居石和钍石经富F、CO₂流体交代形成氟碳铈矿和水氟碳钙钍矿。在(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i和Th含量图解中,冈底斯带含矿斑岩与程巴岩体落在一条混合线线上,程巴岩体位于已证明受到上地壳物质或其他富集组分混染的甲马含矿斑岩和其他冈底斯含矿斑岩之间,表明程巴岩体在其源区或演化过程中也受到了富集端元的混染,但加入量少于甲马斑岩。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

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