草原火灾风险评价与分区——以吉林省西部草原为例

草原火灾作为自然灾害的一种,是草原地区重要的灾害之一,对我国草原地区的可持续发展有着严重的负面效应。因此进行草原火灾风险评价研究对草原火灾管理显得极为重要。本文依据自然灾害风险分析原理,采用加权综合评分法、层次分析法 (AHP)在综合分析吉林省西部草原火灾的危险性、暴露性、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力的基础上,建立草原火灾风险指数模型 (GFDRI),对研究区草原火灾风险程度进行了定量评价,并借助GIS技术将吉林省西部草原火灾分为轻度 、中度、重度和极重度4个风险区。检验结果证明草原火灾风险评价和分区具有较高的可靠性,可为当地草原防火部门火灾管理和减灾决策的制定提供依据和指导。     

蒙古高原草原火灾风险评价研究

草原火灾是牧区主要自然灾害之一,严重影响社会经济和生命安全。针对蒙古高原草原的特点及成灾机理,以蒙古高原的草原区作为研究区,获取了2000—2016年各盟市的指标层数据,依据自然灾害风险分析原理,从危险性、暴露性、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力4个方面选取23个评价指标,建立了蒙古高原草原火灾风险评价指标体系,并采用主成分分析方法确定指标权重,结合地理信息系统空间分析功能制作了蒙古高原草原火灾风险分布图。结果表明:(1)通过主成分分析得到7个主成分,缩减了指标个数,准确指出草原火灾风险要素来源。(2)蒙古高原草原火灾的高危险区分布在蒙古国中部,呈向四周递减的趋势;高暴露区分布在内蒙古东北部地区;高脆弱区分布在内蒙古北部以及蒙古国肯特省;高防灾减灾区主要分布在内蒙古呼伦贝尔市、兴安盟和鄂尔多斯市。(3)蒙古高原草原火灾风险从整体来看,内蒙古东北部风险高于西部地区,呈现自东向西递减趋势;蒙古国呈现由中间向四周递减趋势。低风险、次低风险、中风险、次高风险和高风险区面积占蒙古高原草原区面积比例分别为4.88%、36.20%、28.37%、11.56%和18.99%。根据中蒙各盟市地理环境特征和经济发展水平来制定防火策略,可以降低草原火灾风险性,为草原畜牧业可持续发展规划提供参考。     

呼伦贝尔草原火时空格局及特征分析

以Fire_CCI51为主要数据源,应用GIS空间分析技术对呼伦贝尔地区2001—2019年草原火的时空分布进行了研究,结果发现：呼伦贝尔草原火时间上具有年际波动较大、循环周期不定和春、秋两季双峰式集中的特点;空间上集中分布在东部森林草原、边境线附近,呈现出东多西少、北多南少的格局。利用相关分析方法对主要气象因子（平均降水量、最高气温、最小相对湿度、最大风速）与草原火之间的关系进行了深入分析,发现气象因子与草原火之间不存在显著相关;通过对呼伦贝尔市1981—2015年的草原起火原因统计数据分析发现,人类活动是导致草原火发生的主要因素。应用空间分析方法对边境线20 km缓冲区内的草原火进行了提取,发现境外过火面积远高于境内而且俄罗斯的过火面积远高于蒙古和中国。     

基于社区的台风灾害概率风险评估——以上海市杨浦区富禄里居委地区为例

基于PGIS方法,以上海市杨浦区富禄里居委地区为案例,开展给定概率下的社区台风风险分析。结果表明,近60 a影响上海市区的台风中,最大风速大于17.2 m/s的超越概率(AEP)为12%。在此情景下,共有52幢建筑物(占全部建筑物的15.3%)有台风大风损失。上海市区最大的一次台风过程雨量达306.5 mm,其超越概率为1.8%。在该情景下,研究区地面积水最深处达0.61 m,有115幢建筑物(占全部建筑物的33.8%)有经济损失。在上述情景下,台风大风与过程雨量造成的损失对当地居民尚属可接受风险范围。     

蒙古东部野火时空格局及其影响因素

基于MCD64A1过火迹地产品、土地覆盖、植被指数和气候等数据,采用空间统计分析和相关分析方法研究了2001—2017年蒙古东部野火时空动态及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）4—6月是野火发生最主要的时段,10月野火灾害也较严重,特别集中于年内第107—127、145—189、279—301日3个时段;2001—2017年,蒙古东部野火过火面积年际间波动较大,2003、2007、2011、2012、2015年是野火发生的高峰年。（2）从野火发生的空间格局看,野火灾害主要发生在东方、肯特、苏赫巴托尔、色楞格、中央省;草原火是蒙古东部主要的过火类型。（3）过火面积主要受降水、温度和植被状况影响;3月过火面积主要与3个月累积的干旱状况有关,而6、7月过火面积主要与当月温度相关,9月过火面积主要受当月降水量影响;在季节尺度上,春季过火面积还与前一年秋季植被状况显著相关,冬季过火面积与当季地表温度呈显著正相关。（4）大气环流与蒙古东部的野火发生、蔓延密切相关,4月过火面积主要受3个月累积北极涛动影响,7月过火面积主要受3个月累积太平洋十年涛动影响,9月过火面积主要受火前北大西洋涛动影响,而11月过火面积主要受3个月累积南方涛动和太平洋十年涛动影响。年尺度上的过火面积主要受北大西洋涛动显著影响。     

基于信息扩散理论的干旱区农业旱灾风险分析——以甘肃省民勤县为例

 针对小区域历史灾情资料缺乏，获得的只是小样本数据，使用传统统计模型进行风险分析精度不高的特点，作者基于信息扩散原理，利用正态信息扩散技术将单一的样本观测值变为一模糊集的模糊数学方法，提出了农业旱灾风险定量分析模型，并以甘肃省民勤县为例，对干旱区农业旱灾风险进行了分析。计算结果表明，民勤的旱灾尽管年年发生，但农业受损程度并不大，受损程度主要集中在20%以内，受损程度在30%以上的可能性很小;但也不能忽视旱灾风险，受损10%以上旱灾发生概率在76%，结果符合实际。对信息扩散理论在现代风险分析技术中的应用提供了一个新途径。     

基于IOSM的苏州市自然灾害损失风险分析

基于灾害损失历史统计数据,借助于内外集模型(IOSM)进行自然灾害风险分析。首先确定观测区间并检验观测样本的分布形式,基于此确定其可能性-概率分布矩阵PPD,然后计算灾害损失的风险期望值,并基于ArcGIS制作不同灾害情境下各灾害损失指标的风险分布图。针对苏州市主要自然灾害类型,选取受灾人口、倒塌房屋、农作物受灾面积和直接经济损失作为灾害损失指标进行灾害风险分析,得到以下主要结论:1)不同灾害类型下各灾害损失指标的风险水平和复现期不同,其中台风导致200万人口、12 500hm2农作物受灾和42.5万间房屋倒塌的复现期均为7.2~7.5a。2)不同类型灾害的损失特征和程度不同,台风对人口、农作物和房屋的影响最大;洪涝灾害的直接经济损失最大,说明洪涝灾害后果最严重;风雹对各项指标的影响都比较小,与其影响区域小、持续时间短等局部灾害特征有关。3)各类型灾害损失风险呈现显著的空间差异特征,对台风导致的灾害损失风险分析表明,吴中区、吴江市、常熟市和张家港市的灾害风险最大;常熟市和吴中区台风导致受灾人口和农作物减产的风险最大,市区周围台风导致受灾人口风险最小;常熟市台风导致房屋倒塌的风险最大。4)灾害发生概率及其可能性共同决定灾害损失风险。研究成果对民政部门制订、调整、规划救灾对策以及民生保险预算具有重要意义。     

基于CBERS遥感数据的云南安宁“3．29”火灾面积评估

以中巴资源卫星（CBERS）多波段数据及纹理均匀性指标、图斑变异性指标和地形因子作为森林火灾灾后模式识别指标,提取了云南安宁“3．29”重大森林火灾火烧迹地地图以及受害指标,结合地面样地数据对过火区域的受害程度进行了等级划分。通过对灾前森林分布图和过火程度区划图的叠加分析,统计出了各类林地的受害面积。结果表明“3．29”火灾过火面积1695．4hm^2（25 430．29亩）,重度受害面积为518．6hm^2（7779．42亩）,中度受害面积为508．5hm^2（7627．36亩）,轻度受害积为668．2hm^2（10023．50亩）。地盘松过火面积最大,为796．3hm^2（11944．47亩）,其次为栎类灌木,过火746．4hm^2（11195．43亩）。利用卫星遥感图像的自动识别处理算法,既可识别火场、又可识别森林受害程度,可以替代地面对坡勾绘与目视解译的传统火场调查方法。     

《草原植被遥感监测》书评

正草原是中国面积最大的陆地生态系统,约占国土陆地面积的41.7%,是主要江河的发源地和水源涵养区,生态地位十分重要。草原还是牧区畜牧业发展的物质基础和牧民赖以生存的生产资料。由于人为活动增强和气候变化等影响,中国草原出现了不同程度的退化、沙化等现象。据农业部等部委调研显示:全国90%的可利用天然草原发生了不同程度的退化,产草量比20世纪80年代平均下降30%~50%。因此,及时、准确地获取     

黑龙江省大风分布特征及风险区划研究

选取黑龙江省1971-2005年35年大风资料,分析了78个市（县）大风的时空分布特征,运用信息扩散理论的计算方法得出发生不同大风日数的概率风险估计值,并用GIS技术制成风险图并进行区划。研究表明：①黑龙江省大风20世纪70、80年代最多且波动性较大,90年代至20世纪初明显减少,并趋于稳定;大风多发在春季,是造成春旱、春季火灾的主要原因。②年总大风日数,高值区多分布在松嫩平原、三江平原,低值区以大兴安岭、伊春、牡丹江地区为主。③以信息扩散理论计算方法得出发生大风为1 d、2 d、3 d、4 d的概率风险估计值,大风风险高值区在黑龙江省中南部自西向东呈带状分布,北部、中北部、西部及南部为风险低值区。运用信息扩散理论首次实现对黑龙江省不同大风日数进行风险评估,其具有所需资料少,并可实现对市（县）以下地域单元不同灾害的发生风险及损失风险评估的优点。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,