Microbes in the area of the South Shetland Islands

ＭｉｃｒｏｂｅｓｉｎｔｈｅａｒｅａｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＳｈｅｔｌａｎｄＩｓｌａｎｄｓＣｈｅｎＨａｏｗｅｎ（陈皓文）ａｎｄＳｏｎｇＱｉｎｇｙｕｎ（宋庆云）（ＦｉｒｓｔＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳＯＡ，Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ２６６００３，Ｃ...     

ENVIRONMENTALCONSIDERATIONOFTHEACTIVEBOOMINGDUNESINBADAINJARANDESERTINCHINA——RelationtotheSingingSan

ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＣＯＮＳＩＤＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＡＣＴＩＶＥＢＯＯＭＩＮＧＤＵＮＥＳＩＮＢＡＤＡＩＮＪＡＲＡＮＤＥＳＥＲＴＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ——ＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅＳｉｎｇｉｎｇＳａｎｄＢｅａｃｈｅｓｉｎＪａｐａｎＳｈｉｇｅｏＭＩＷＡ...     

Study on the relationship between the diameter of the compound eye and the growth of the Antarctickrill

孙松，王荣ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｅｙｅａｎｄｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｔｈｅＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｋｒｉｌｌ￥ＳｕｎＳｏｎｇａｎｄＷａｎｇＲｏｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅ...     

Pulsating aurora - a review

Ｐｕｌｓａｔｉｎｇａｕｒｏｒａ－ａｒｅｖｉｅｗＪｏｒｍａＫａｎｇａｓ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＯｕｌｕ，ＦＩＮ－９０５７０，Ｏｕｌｕ，Ｆｉｎｌａｎｄ）ＣａｏＣｈｏｎｇ（曹冲）（ＣｈｉｎａＲｅｓ...     

A condition for the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water in Prydz Bay， Antarctica

ＡｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃＢｏｔｔｏｍＷａｔｅｒｉｎＰｒｙｄｚＢａｙ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＬｉａｎｇＸｉａｎｇｓａｎ（梁湘三）（ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳＯＡ，Ｈａｎｇ...     

Ecology of newly formed sea ice in the Weddell Sea,AntarcticaⅠ.chlorophyll a and nutrients

ＥｃｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｎｅｗｌｙｆｏｒｍｅｄｓｅａｉｃｅｉｎｔｈｅＷｅｄｄｅｌＳｅａ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉ┐ｃａⅠ．ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｙｌａａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓＷａｎｇＺｉｐａｎ（王自磐）ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳＯＡ，...     

Characteristics of Pc3 pulsations at Great Wall Station,Antarctica

（杨少峰）（肖福辉）ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＰｃ３ｐｕｌｓａｔｉｏｎｓａｔＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ＹａｎｇＳｈａｏｆｅｎｇａｎｄＸｉａｏＦｕｈｕｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，Ａｃａｄｅｍｉａ...     

A survey of SO 2, NO 2 and NH 3 concentrations in atmosphere at high latitudes and in Arctic

ＡｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｆＳＯ２,ＮＯ２ａｎｄＮＨ３ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅａｔｈｉｇｈｌａｔｉｔｕｄｅｓａｎｄｉｎＡｒｃｔｉｃＣｈｅｎＬｅｔｉａｎ（陈乐恬）ａｎｄＴｏｎｇＹｕｑｉｎ（佟玉芹）ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃ...     

On the regional characteristics of cuisine in China

ＯｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｃｕｉｓｉｎｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａＺｈａｎｇＳｈｕｌｉｎＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＴｅａｃｈｅｒｓＣｏｌｅｇｅ,Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ６３００４７,ＣＨＩＮＡＡｂｓ...     

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in animal tissue samples from the Arctic Area

ＣｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｅｄｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓｉｎａｎｉｍａｌｔｉｓｕｅｓａｍｐｌｅｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＡｒｃｔｉｃＡｒｅａＣｈｕＳｈａｏｇａｎｇ（储少岗）,ＦａｎｇＪｉｎｇｙｕｎ（方精云）,ＨｅＹｉ（贺奕）,ＦｕＳｈａｎ（傅珊）ａｎｄＸｕＸｉａｏｂａｉ...     

南极乔治王岛长城湾活有孔虫和死有孔虫的比较分析

本文对中国首次南极考察队在长城湾采集的海底底质样品作了有孔虫分析,初步查明有孔虫属种,并揭示了长城湾有孔虫组合和分布规律。     

南极普里兹湾柱样有孔虫研究

南极普里兹湾柱样ＮＰ９３２含有较多的有孔虫，其中浮游类占２６．３％，底栖类中砂质胶结类占５７．９％，为该柱的优势类群。底栖有孔虫组合以Ｍｉｌｉａｍｍｉｎａａｒｅｎａｃｅａ为典型代表，显示了深水砂质胶结相的面貌。浮游类群中暖与冷水种群的丰度变化，反映了所在海区气温的变化     

Distribution of recent calcareous benthic foraminifera in the northern North Sea and relation to the environment

This paper compiles new and previously published data on recent calcareous benthic foraminifera (dead and living assemblages) in surface sediment samples from the northern North Sea area, focussing on the dead benthic foraminifera and their relation to the environment. Five dead benthic foraminiferal assemblages have been identified. In Scottish coastal areas Cibicides lobatulus and Rosalina sp. dominate in areas with strong current activity and coarse-grained sediments, whereas C. lobatulus and Trifarina angulosa dominate at similar conditions in the Norwegian coastal areas. Cassidulina laevigata assemblages occur in areas influenced by inflow of Atlantic water into the northern North Sea. In the central part of the Norwegian Channel Uvigerina mediterranea prevails in fine-grained sediments with high organic content and possibly low oxygen content. This species' restricted distribution to the Norwegian Channel could possibly be related to the availability of food. Bulimina marginata and Hyalinea balthica dominate on the Fladen Ground where seasonal stratification is pronounced. This presumably leads to a decrease in the oxygen content in the bottom-waters during part of the year.     

渤海湾北岸表层沉积中的有孔虫群及其生态环境

我们对渤海湾北岸177个表层沉积物样品进行了有孔虫分析。经鉴定,未发现浮游有孔虫,底栖有孔虫共计82种,其中包括一新种Jadammina planata He et Li sp.nov.根据不同的环境中沉积物内有孔虫群属种组合不同,大体可归纳为二种组合:一是河口、海滩、泻湖、滨海平原等滨海边缘环境组合,在南堡以东该组合称为厚壁转轮虫——显孔鼓室希望虫组合,南堡以西称为厚壁转轮虫——多变假小九字虫组合,二是分布在水深10米以内的近岸浅海环境组合,称为厚壁转轮虫——缝裂希望虫组合。在不同环境中,有孔虫壳体数量的变化是有规律的,一般在泻湖中有孔虫含量最多,滨岸沙坝处最少,沙坝脊部有时为零,向海方向至近岸浅海共含量又有逐渐增多的趋势。     

Biotic response of benthic foraminifera in Aso-kai lagoon,central Japan,to changes in terrestrial climate and ocean conditions (~AD 700–1600)

We investigated responses of shallow-water benthic foraminifera to changes in climate and ocean conditions, using sediment core ASC2 from Aso-kai lagoon, central Japan. Six AMS ¹⁴C dates reveal that the studied interval corresponds to sediments deposited from ~AD 700 to 1600. Sulfur content of the bulk sediment and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) axis 1 of fossil benthic foraminifera indicate that the composition of the benthic foraminifera community was closely related to dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the hypolimnion. The sulfur content and MDS axis 1 also revealed two shifts over the 900-year interval. In the first phase (~AD 700–1250), the Shannon–Wiener Index (H′), E (S₂₀₀), evenness and rank abundance curve (RAC) kurtosis indicate a gradual deterioration in structure of the benthic foraminifera community. In that period, there are statistically significant correlations between the faunal composition (MDS axis 1) and faunal structure [Shannon–Wiener (H′), E (S₂₀₀), evenness and RAC kurtosis]. In the second phase (~AD 1250–1600), however, faunal composition and structure show no marked correspondence. Instead, abundance of benthic foraminifera fluctuated on a scale of ~200 years. Thus, a shift in the biotic response of benthic foraminifera in Aso-kai lagoon occurred in ca. AD 1250. Gradual deterioration of benthic foraminifera, with taxonomic losses, is consistent with declining DO in the first phase, possibly associated with the increasing influence of the Tsushima Warm Current. The possibility that closure of Aso-kai lagoon and development of the sand bar affected benthic foraminifera cannot, however, be ruled out. No corresponding response was observed in the second phase, during which there was no distinct taxonomic loss. Large variations in abundance, however, were a consequence of strength of the East Asian summer and winter monsoons. The shift in the biotic response of benthic foraminifera in Aso-kai lagoon during the period AD 700–1600 was apparently a result of changes in climate and ocean conditions on the East Asian continental margin.     

Evidence for rapid avian-mediated foraminiferal colonization of Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, during the Holocene Hypsithermal

A Holocene ecological succession was documented using palynological, foraminiferal, and molluscan faunas sampled from an excavated trench on the margin of Bell River Bay, Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba. The palynological data record the known gradually isostatically-induced shift from aquatic to terrestrial conditions at the site, and clearly delineates the Holocene Hypsithermal maximal warm interval (commencing here about 5500 years BP). Concurrent with this warming the site became occupied by the extinct salt tolerant gastropod Marstonia gelida and the marine foraminifer Cribroelphidium gunteri by at least 5430 years BP. Water fowl-assisted colonization of non-marine habitats by foraminifera has previously been suggested as a dispersal mechanism for other non-marine foraminiferal occurrences. However, as this relatively warm-water foraminifer (presently found as far north as Cape Cod, MA on the Atlantic USA coast, and Vancouver, BC on the Canadian Pacific coast but also found in Canadian Maritime provinces during the Hypsithermal) did not inhabit the area either prior to or following the Hypsithermal warm interval, this occurrence indicates the efficiency with which foraminifera can utilize non-selective avian transport to colonize new non-marine and marine habitats. It may be that only a few years were required for colonization of the site to occur (2000–3000 km distant from native populations); this suggests that avian transport is a much more important foraminiferal dispersal mechanism than previously realized. The appearance of foraminifera at this site may also constrain models designed to determine the time required for hydraulically injected glacial freshwater to be flushed from normally brine producing aquifers in the region.     

Salt-marsh foraminifera in Ho Bugt,western Denmark,and their use as sea-level indicators

Twenty-seven surface samples were collected from the Kjelst Enge salt marsh in Ho Bugt, Jutland, to investigate the potential use of salt-marsh foraminifera as sea-level indicators in Holocene intertidal deposits. Previous work from many coastlines around the world has shown that the vertical distribution of salt-marsh foraminifera is strongly controlled by the duration of tidal flooding (or height relative to tide level). Concentrations of foraminifera in Kjelst Enge salt marsh are low, especially in the high marsh, but a strong correlation was found between relative abundances of foraminiferal species and tidal elevation for 16 samples containing more than 30 specimens per 5 cc of sediment (r² = 0.80, root mean square error = 0.16 m). Sediment pH also has a strong influence on the distribution of the foraminifera, but salinity appears to be insignificant.     

Diatom and foraminifera relationships to water quality in The Coorong,South Australia,and the development of a diatom-based salinity transfer function

The Ramsar-listed Coorong lagoon lies at the terminus of the Murray-Darling River system in South Australia. Diatom and foraminifera relationships with water quality were characterised in order to develop diatom- and foraminifera-based models with the potential to infer water column salinity. Seventy-four samples were collected during 2007, a year of continuing drought in the catchment, and of no discharges at the Murray Mouth. The sample sites had a salinity gradient of 1.8–190 g l⁻¹ total dissolved solids. The diatom data set comprised 215 taxa, while there were only eight taxa in the foraminiferal data set. Canonical correspondence analysis of diatom species-environment relationships showed that salinity explained the largest proportion of diatom variance. Hence, a diatom-based salinity transfer function with reasonable predictive power (measured vs. diatom-inferred salinity r _jack² = 0.82; Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction = 16 g l⁻¹) was developed. Application of the transfer function to fossil diatom assemblages from The Coorong suggested that pre-European salinity values were generally >50 g l⁻¹ and that salinity declined following settlement. These results, however, contradict the recent history of The Coorong where there have been substantial lagoon-wide salinity increases. The pre-impact diatom flora has no analogue in the modern data set, highlighting the degree of departure from past conditions. CCA of the foraminiferal data set identified salinity and total nitrogen as the variables with the greatest explanatory power. However, accurate predictive models could not be developed using either variable due to low foraminiferal abundance and species richness. These factors may have been a consequence of diminished foraminiferal recruitment rates over successive years, an artefact of reduced marine water input to The Coorong. Future attempts to generate predictive models from this region would benefit from the inclusion of data from distant locations, since suitable analogue sites do not exist in close proximity. The study has generated useful insights to the apparently broad salinity tolerances for several cosmopolitan diatom and foraminifera species, and has identified a number of diatom and foraminifera taxa that may prove useful in the qualitative interpretation of down-core trends in The Coorong and the lower Murray River region.     

Benthic foraminifera and their stable isotope composition in sediment cores from Lake Qarun,Egypt: changes in water salinity during the past ~500 years

We studied the sedimentology, benthic foraminifera, molluscs, and δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C of Ammonia tepida tests in two late Holocene sediment cores from Lake Qarun (Egypt). The cores, QARU2 (upper section, 8.2 m) and QARU4 (1.4 m), span approximately the past 500 years of sedimentation. Benthic foraminifera first appeared in the upper part of QARU2 at 314 cm depth, ca. AD 1550. This depth marks the beginning of colonization of the lake by foraminifera and indicates a change in lake water salinity, as foraminifera cannot tolerate fresh water. Initially, three species of benthic foraminifera colonized the lake, Ammonia tepida, Cribroelphidium excavatum and Cribrononion incertum. Relative abundance of these species fluctuated throughout cores QARU2 and QARU4 and highest overall faunal diversity occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century. High relative abundances of C. incertum and deformed tests are attributed to periods of greater lakewater salinity. Peaks in both δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C indicate times of higher evaporation and reduced fresh water inflow. Inferred salinity was high around AD 1700 and after AD 1990. Rapid response of climate proxy variables indicates the high sensitivity of Lake Qarun to environmental changes over the past several 100 years. Increases in lakewater Mg concentration during past evaporative events, associated with less fresh water inflow, probably provided conditions suitable for C. incertum to build its white or transparent tests. Gradual decrease of C. incertum, until its disappearance at 100 cm depth ca. AD 1890, indicates a more persistent trend in lake water chemistry. Higher concentrations of dissolved sulphates were the likely cause of this species disappearance. Recent, twentieth-century sediments were deposited under optimal salinity (37‰) for benthic fauna, but further environmental changes are indicated by the decrease or disappearance of several benthic foraminifera and mollusc species. Intermittent hypoxia in the lake’s bottom waters, caused by cultural eutrophication, may account for these most recent changes.     

Recent foraminiferal distribution in Freemansundet and Early Holocene stratigraphy on Edgeøya, Svalbard

The Present foraminiferal distribution (live + dead) in Freemansundet between Barentsøya and Edgeøya, Svalbard, has been compared with assemblages in raised marine Holocene deposits in Guldalen on Edgeeya. Four distinct foraminiferal assemblages were identified in Freemansundet, the Elphidium excavatum-Cassidulina reniforme assemblage, the Elphidium hallandense assemblage, the Cibicides lobatulus assemblage and the Elphidium incertum-Haynesina orbiculare assemblage. Four assemblage zones (Zones A-D) have been established in the glaciomarine to marine sediment sequence in Guldalen. Only two of the recent fauna! types were represented here. The Elphidium excavatum-Cassidulina reniforme assemblage, which reflects a proximal glacier environment, was found in the lowermost Zone A (the Elphidium excavatum Zone) and in Zone C (the Elphidium excavatum-Cassidulina reniforme Zone) in the Guldalen stratigraphy; the Elphidium incertum-Haynesina orbiculare assemblage, which reflects ameliorated shallow water conditions, was found in the uppermost Zone D in Guldalen. The marine sequence in Guldalen represents a relatively short period of time during the Early Holocene (ca 9700 to 8300 BP). The succession of the foraminiferal assemblages suggests that the deglaciation was interrupted by a cold period with glacial stagnation just after 9600 bp (Zone B. the Astrononion gallowayi-Nonionellina labradorica Zone).