滇西北羊拉铜矿床江边矿段成矿条件分析

<正>滇西北羊拉铜矿床位于特提斯成矿域金沙江缝合带中段,为三江成矿带中段典型的大型铜矿床。江边矿段位于里农矿段的北侧,实现其找矿突破对矿山资源接替意义重大。里农矿段的主矿体呈层状或似层状,产出于里农组一段矽卡岩化砂板岩与里农组二段大理岩的接触处。与之相邻江边矿段存在着相同的地层接触关系,由于地表覆盖较厚,从地表露头可以观察到里农组一段顶部具强烈矽卡岩化,但主要为干矽卡岩,可能受晚期斜长花岗岩体侵入的影响,且地层向     

个旧锡矿阿西寨矿区矽卡岩型硫化矿特征及找矿标志

云南个旧锡矿阿西寨矿区矽卡岩型硫化矿为地下隐伏的铜、锡矿床,其矿体呈似层状、透镜状沿燕山期隐伏花岗岩体与三叠系中统个旧组(T_2g)之接触带分布。属花岗岩接触带的矽卡岩型硫化矿床;花岗岩体的侵入形成大量的矽卡岩,同时为区内多金属矿床的形成提供了热源及矿物质来源。岩体围岩蚀变矽卡岩化、云英岩化、硫化物化是主要的找矿标志。     

云南石屏县法乌铅锌矿地质特征及成因

石屏法乌铅锌矿矿体呈似层状、脉状、透镜状产出,矿体的近矿围岩均为峨山花岗岩体之二长花岗岩,成矿与花岗岩的侵入有着密切的联系。矿区KT5与KT9两个主矿体在成因上有明显不同,KT5矿体产于构造破碎带中,受断裂构造控制约明显,为与花岗岩有关的中低温热液充填型脉状铅锌矿床。KT9矿体产于花岗岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩中,受花岗岩与碳酸盐岩接触带控制,为接触交代矽卡岩型铅锌矿床。     

西藏班戈日阿铜多金属矿床地质特征及找矿前景

西藏班戈日阿铜多金属矿床位于班戈-腾冲多金属成矿带,是近年来新发现的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,已探明资源量达中型规模。最新研究和找矿成果显示矿带呈北西向展布,受燕山晚期白垩纪花岗岩类岩体侵入作用控制,矿体分布于岩体与下白垩统灰岩地层接触带及附近部位。在空间上,矿床主要分为三个矿段：主矿体分布在矿区中西部,目前在西矿段已圈定...     

新疆博罗科努山可克萨拉铜矿床地质特征及找矿远景

可克萨拉铜矿床位于博罗科努金、铜、铅、锌、磷灰石矿带中西部,通过矿床地质特征分析认为,矿床产于晚泥盆世二长花岗岩体与上奥陶统呼独克达坂组大理岩化灰岩接触带的含矿矽卡岩中,属矽卡岩矿床。含矿矽卡岩及主矿体深部和外围仍有找矿空间,区内找矿前景良好。     

腾冲铜厂山矽卡岩型铅锌矿床

腾冲西北部滇滩—燕洞一带，燕山晚期花岗岩活动强烈，矽卡岩型矿床发育，形成众多铁、铜、铅、锌矽卡岩型矿床，是腾冲西北部重要成矿区，本文介绍的腾冲铜厂山矽卡岩型铅锌矿即是其中之一。矿床形成与燕山晚期黑云二长花岗岩关系密切，矿体位于上二叠统碳酸盐岩外接触带矽卡岩中。地层、岩石、构造对矽卡岩及矿体都有控制作用。最后提出矿床成因见解。     

白云鄂博稀土矿床中稀土伴生钍资源的分布特征研究

白云鄂博铌稀土矿位于华北板块北缘,白云鄂博裂谷带中,宽沟背斜南翼。矿床东西长18 km,南北宽2~3 km。白云鄂博矿矿床最早作为铁矿体于1927年被丁道衡发现;随后在1934年,何作霖教授在主矿体中发现了稀土矿产;1944年,黄春江发现了东矿和西矿。 解放后,241地质队对主矿、东矿和西矿进行详细的地质勘探工作,向国家提交了铁矿和稀土矿储量及品位。白云鄂博矿床作为国内最大的铁稀土矿床,长期以来一直作为铁矿在开采,其稀土资源的利用率也仅仅为百分之十左右,而矿床中的钍资源的利用率几乎为零。     

白云鄂博花岗岩稀土配分型式的初步研究

白云鄂博花岗岩的稀土配分型式 该花岗岩出露于白云鄂博矿的东部和东南部。侵入于白云鄂博群中,引起围岩不同程度和不同性质的蚀变。在地质构造位置上处于内蒙台背斜向内蒙褶皱带过渡的的中间地带,多沿东西方向分布,受断裂控制。     

新疆祁漫塔格于沟子铁多金属矿辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

于沟子铁-稀有多金属矿区位于东昆仑祁漫塔格矿集区西段,其中铁铜(钼)多金属矿体主要分布于正长花岗岩与狼牙山组碳酸盐岩接触带矽卡岩内,属于矽卡岩型铁铜(钼)多金属矿床,而铌(铷)等稀有-稀土矿化带分布于正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩内。于沟子铁铜(钼)多金属矿床磁铁矿石中的辉钼矿Re-Os定年表明,辉钼矿中含有对Re-Os定年产生较大影响的普通Os,在扣除普通Os后,辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(210.1±4.8)Ma(n=5,MSWD=0.37),厘定其成矿年龄为晚三叠世,是东昆仑祁漫塔格印支期大规模成矿作用的产物。     

新疆祁漫塔格于沟子铁多金属矿辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

[摘 要]于沟子铁-稀有多金属矿区位于东昆仑祁漫塔格矿集区西段,其中铁铜（钼）多金属矿体主要分布于正长花岗岩与狼牙山组碳酸盐岩的接触带矽卡岩内,属于矽卡岩型铁铜（钼）多金属矿床,而铌（铷）等稀有-稀土矿化带分布于正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩内。通过对于沟子铁铜（钼）多金属矿体内磁铁矿石中的辉钼矿Re-Os定年表明,辉钼矿中含有对Re-Os定年产生较大影响的普通Os,在扣除普通Os后,辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为（210.1±4.8）Ma（n=5,MSWD=0.37）,厘定了其成矿年龄为晚三叠世,是东昆仑祁漫塔格印支期大规模成矿的产物。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.