Simplified-robust geotechnical design of soldier pile–anchor tieback shoring system for deep excavation

The shoring system that consists of soldier piles and anchor tiebacks is often used in deep excavations in sandy deposits. However, uncertainties often exist in the design of such shoring systems. In this article, a simplified-robust geotechnical design method is proposed to account for these uncertainties in the shoring system design. Specifically, for a given deep excavation, uncertain soil parameters and surcharges are treated as noise factors, and the parameters of soldier piles and tieback anchors are treated as design parameters. Robust design is then implemented as a multiobjective optimization problem, in which the design robustness is sought along with cost efficiency and safety requirements. A trade-off between design robustness and cost efficiency exists and the optimization usually leads to a Pareto front. By applying the knee point concept, the most preferred design that meets the safety requirements and yields the best compromise between design robustness and cost efficiency can be identified on the Pareto front. Improvements made to the existing robust geotechnical design method include an efficient formulation of the design robustness and a new procedure for finding the most preferred design in the design pool. The new simplified-robust geotechnical design method is illustrated with a real-world excavation case study.     

青岛国际帆船中心工程设计关键问题及解决方案

青岛国际帆船中心是2008年第29届北京奥运会和第12届残奥会帆船比赛以及未来国际圆内重要海上比赛项目的基地，其设计引起了国内外诸多专家、学者的高度重视和广泛关注，几经修改，设计方案最终得以通过。本文简要阐述了工程建设内容、设计指导思想、设计船型选取、泊稳条件分析等设计关键问题，总结了其工程设计经验，为未来相关工程设计提供参考和经验借鉴。     

国内外海上风电机组基础结构设计标准浅析

对国内外海上风电机组基础结构设计规范和相关标准进行了对比研究,结合我国海上风电机组基础结构设计开发中遇到的问题,论述海上风电机组基础结构设计中关于安全理念和设计荷载的设计方法和标准;分析对比各国规范对海上风电机组基础结构设计的推荐做法,剖析各国规范的设计理念和方法;比较海上风电机组基础结构与海洋石油平台在设计理念和设计标准方面的异同,并根据海上风电和海洋油气的行业特点,分析海上风电机组基础结构设计规范和海洋石油平台设计规范对于海上风电机组基础结构设计的适用性。在此基础上,基于我国海洋工程技术和海上风电产业的发展水平,提出发展我国海上风电机组基础结构的设计建议,指出我国海上风电开发中应注意和避免发生的问题。     

海上浮体系泊缆自动化设计方法研究

随着智能化研究成为当今科技发展的热点,结合智能优化算法的浮体系泊系统自动化设计成为一个将现代方法应用于传统工程领域并提高设计效率的研究对象。针对浮体的系泊系统,以悬链线式系泊方式为研究对象,分析得出了系泊缆与不同选材参数之间的规律,建立系泊系统自动化设计方法,选用遗传算法作为算法基础,实现方案的智能优选,进行了有效的探索研究;开发了系泊系统自动化设计的自主程序,完成了典型的单根系泊缆的单点系泊系统以及多段组成风分布式系泊系统的研究,验证了方法的可行性,为系泊系统的自动化设计这一技术问题提供了解决方法与工程的应用手段。     

Optimum Design of Structure Shape for Offshore Jacket Platforms

With the introduction of the design variables of nodal coordinates,which reflect the em-bedded depth of the pile and the jacket bed height,a shape optimum design model for offshore jacket plat-forms is established.A sequential two-level optimum algorithm is developed based on the design variablegradation.On the basis of the finite element method,the sensitivity of the objective function and nodal dis-placement is analyzed.As an example,the BZ281 oil storage offshore platform,which lies in the Bohai oilfield,is designed with the shape optimum model.The results are compared with the cross-section optimumdesign.The tendency of design variables and its reasons in the two methods are analyzed.In the shapeoptimum design,the value of objective function is obviously smaller than that of the initial design and thecross-section optimum design.Therefore,the advantage of structure shape optimum design for jacket plat-forms is remarkable.     

工业产品设计方案的模糊综合评价方法

本文根据工业产品的特点，建立了工业产品设计方案评价指标体系──－多级多指标评价体系，且具有模糊的特点．通过引入模糊优选理论，提出了设计方案模糊综合评价方法，并将其应用于除湿机的设计方案评价和选优．     

海洋平台优化设计的研究进展

结构优化是结构设计理论的重要发展,随着“十五”渤海大油田勘探开发战略的实施,结构优化技术将在新型抗冰振平台设计中发挥重要作用。从静力优化设计、动力优化设计、基于可靠度优化设计、全寿命优化设计四个方面论述了海洋平台结构优化设计的研究现状,并展望了海洋平台优化设计的研究前景。     

渤海油田示范区地理信息系统(GIS)的规划设计

在进行了充分需求分析基础上,对渤海油田示范区地理信息系统的数据库和应用系统进行了详细设计,数据库的设计主要是本着对象模型和关系模型相结合的原则进行的,而应用系统的设计主要考虑了以下原则,即先进性和实用性、开放性和标准性、可扩展性和可维护性、安全性和保密性、可靠性和稳定性以及具有良好的二次开发能力等。对于系统的体系结构设计,主要从系统的层次结构、硬件体系结构和软件体系结构等方面作了详细的规划设计。     

沉箱式防波堤静力与动力稳定性设计体型分析

将沉箱式防波堤滑移和倾覆稳定性设计方法分为三类：静力设计方法、不允许沉箱出现滑移和摇摆角的动力设计方法、控制沉箱滑移量和摇摆角的动力设计方法。建立了满足给定抗滑和抗倾安全系数条件下，按静力设计方法确定沉箱尺度的控制方程，研究了波浪条件和安全系数取值对沉箱长宽比的影响。通过动力数值计算分析了沉箱长宽比对沉箱滑移量和摇摆角的影响，并与传统静力设计理论进行了比较，讨论了控制沉箱滑移量和摇摆角的动力设计方法的可行性。     

Design of Submarine Pipeline in BZ34-2/4 Oil Field

This paper presents the detail design conditions, design criteria and methods as well as design conclusions of the process, structure and corrosion of the production flowlines and high pressure water injection lines in BZ34-2 / 4 oil field in Bohai Bay. At present this design represents the design capability and level in the field of the submarine pipeline engineering of China.     

Performance evaluation of fixed-station sampling design for a fishery-independent survey with multiple objectives

Fixed-station sampling design was widely used in fishery-independent surveys because of its characteristics of convenient sampling station setting, but the non-probabilistic(fixed) nature made it more uncertainty of drawing inferences on population. The performance of fixed-station sampling design for multispecies survey has not been evaluated, and we are uncertain if the design could detect the temporal trends of different populations in multispecies fishery-independent survey. In this study, s...     

A decision support system for floating platform design

This paper describes a methodology developed for the preliminary design of floating production platforms. The preliminary design approach interlinks the mathematical design model with global optimization techniques. To illustrate the design procedure, the initial intermediate and final results are presented. They provide a clear understanding of the mathematical model and the decision support system. The preliminary design approach described here is based on the commercial software which is interfaced to what is called the FPS system and linked to a SEARCH package for design solutions. The paper summarizes the preliminary design approach, the mathematical model optimization and presents semisubmersible and TLP platform examples.     

深吃水半潜式储油生产平台结构设计分析

以陵水17-2气田群开发为例,介绍具有储油和外输功能的半潜式平台在结构设计分析中的基本流程与方法。半潜式生产平台的结构设计分析流程为舱室划分、结构尺度规划设计、总体结构分析和关键连接部位的局部结构分析及特殊情况的结构分析。由于平台的储油和外输功能,平台设计压头和舱室布置等均与常规半潜式生产平台存在一定的特殊性。通过对流程和方法介绍,展现了各阶段设计中的具体方法和相应的特殊性。结果显示,通过特殊的舱室划分形式、结构设计和腐蚀余量考虑,平台结构能够满足储油和外输功能的要求。     

Optimum Design of Jacket Platforms Considering Structure-Pile-Soil Interaction

This paper proposes an optimum design medel for the offshore jacket platform considering multi-design criteria,multi-design constraints and the structure-pile-soil interaction,and gives an optimum designprocedure in which the proposed optimum design model is used together with structural analysis softwareSAP91 and optimum algorithm software OPBI.The Chengbei ~#11 offshore platform,which lies in theShengli oil field,is designed by use of the above optimum design model.The results show that the optimumdesign model is stable,and it depends on neither the optimization algorithm nor initial values of design vari-ables.All values of the objective function converge to the same minimum value,and the speed of conver-gence is high,showing that the proposed optimum design model is reasonable.     

海洋混凝土结构环境作用等级与耐久性设计参数的中外规范对比

围绕海洋混凝土结构的环境作用等级划分和耐久性设计参数限值,对国内外现行的混凝土结构耐久性设计规范进行了系统对比分析。首先分析了国内外14个国家和地区的32部混凝土结构耐久性设计规范的技术特点,然后对比了不同规范对于海洋氯盐环境条件和环境作用等级划分的依据和差异性,进而从最低混凝土强度等级、最大水胶比、最小胶凝材料用量、最小保护层厚度、抗氯离子渗透性指标限值、最大初始氯离子含量和最大裂缝宽度等方面,系统对比分析了不同规范对于海洋混凝土结构耐久性设计参数限值的差异性,为海洋混凝土结构的耐久性设计提供了参考。     

Recognition of design symbols from midship drawings

Despite the availability of 3D CAD systems, the designers in shipyards still use 2D CAD systems because of the need to produce drawings rapidly and a shortage of labor. The shipyard spends much time and labor analyzing the design information contained in 2D drawings and creating 3D model for the downstream processes. The design information is represented by symbols that are well known among designers in shipyard. Symbols are expressed by meaningless geometric shapes. These shapes are recognized to have meanings by analysis of experienced and knowledgeable designers.We propose a method for automatic recognition of 2D symbols and the extraction of design information from the midship drawings. The shape and rationale of 2D symbols used in ship design have been analyzed, and symbols have been classified according to the analysis. Based on the classified symbols, the developed system recognizes the symbols expressed in 2D drawings. The extracted design information is assorted by design rationales. The meaningless geometric shape is translated into the design information including designer's intents. The extracted design data can be applied to the design process in shipyards, and the 3D ship model can be automatically created.     

8.5m敞开式硬底橡皮工作艇概念设计

橡皮艇的种类繁多、型号各异,有部队作战用的军用艇、武警防汛救援的防汛艇、专门追求速度的挂机艇、完全手动的皮划艇、体验激流乐趣的漂流艇、用于近海垂钓的钓鱼艇等。中国的橡皮艇业在近几年有着飞速的发展。文章从硬底橡皮工作艇基本特点和生产知识、概念设计目的和意义,以及概念设计对产品设计重要性等方面进行介绍,运用Solidworks软件对橡皮工作艇进行尺寸选择和结构布局设计,从而体现外观设计的人性化。通过对橡皮工作艇基本知识和主要设计理论的介绍,加强对橡皮工作艇设计方面的掌握。     

Reliability-based assessment and design of stone-filled crib seawalls for shoreline protection

In this study, an efficient reliability-based design tool for stone-filled crib seawalls is developed. The first-order reliability method is integrated into spreadsheet to facilitate the reliability analysis for practical application. Using this spreadsheet tool, the effects of several major uncertain factors on the seawall design, including design water level, material property, and wave forces, are explicitly explored. In addition, the impact of progressive scour on the seawall stability is demonstrated through a time-dependent reliability analysis. This developed reliability-based design tool for seawalls is validated through comparing with the Monte Carlo simulation. This seawall design tool is easy to use and can be readily adapted in various aspects in the seawall design for shoreline protection.     

A new method for platform design based on parametric technology

A new method for platform design, named parametric platform design method (PPDM), is presented in this paper in order to improve the mobile platform design efficiency. In this method, an integrated parametric system that fully considers the characteristics of the platform is developed, which significantly optimizes the design process with the top–bottom design concept. In the parametric system, the main geometric dimensions are taken as parameters, while the topology between the structure members, the function requirements and the safety requirements are converted into geometric constraints. By geometric constraint solving (GCS), a set of parameters that satisfy all the given constraints are determined, and then the design scheme is obtained by several core algorithms, such as parametric tank subdivision, 3D stability calculation, parametric structure design, FEM preprocessing, etc. The parametric method greatly increases the changeability and the reusability of the platform model, and concurrent design is well supported. As the model is driven by parameters, PPDM is an excellent method for optimization design. As a result, PPDM has incomparable advantages on the design efficiency over traditional methods.     

围填海工程平面设计评价方法探讨

以盘锦辽滨沿海经济区区域建设用海规划和长兴岛临港工业区区域建设用海规划为应用示范案例,开展了围填海工程平面设计评价方法的应用示范研究。结果表明,本研究建立的围填海工程平面设计评价方法体系具有较广泛的适用性和实用性,可以指导和促进我国围填海工程平面设计向离岸式、岛群式、组团式方向发展。盘锦辽滨沿海经济区区域建设用海规划围填海工程平面设计综合评价数值达到0.88,属于Ⅴ等级,平面设计优秀。长兴岛临港工业区区域建设用海规划围填海工程平面设计综合评价值0.68,属于Ⅳ等级,平面设计优良。