Numerical simulation and experimental research on air reverse circulation bit interior fluid territory

By using fluent fluid engineer emulator software to simulate negative pressure formed inside the injector added in the reverse-circulation sampling drilling bit, at six angles of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 degrees. The pressure distributing nephogram and the corresponding numerical value gotten compared with the experiment data received by an injector with 6 angles designed by emulation the conclusion. It has been found that the two values are coincident essentially. The article shows that using emulator technology to design optimizely is credible and simple. The cost is low and the design cycle is short compared with the method through experience and test.     

水驱油藏多井系统井间干扰规律分析

为了对大庆油田水驱油藏层系井网进行优化调整和剩余油挖潜,研究特高含水期多井系统井间干扰规律,应用势的迭加原理分析3口井的激动井产量、距离及相互位置对观察井(油井)产量和压力的影响.结果表明,当激动井是油井时,激动井产量越大,与观察井距离越近,激动井之间距离越远,观察井产量越小,压力恢复越低;当激动井是水井时,激动井注水量越大,与观察井距离越近,激动井之间距离越远,观察井产量越大,压力恢复越高.在采用均匀井网时,油井间的影响使观察井产量降低、压力下降;注水井的影响使观察井产量上升、压力升高.特高含水期剩余油分布零散,采用均匀井网可以有效挖潜剩余油,可以通过注水调整观察井产量和压力,均匀井网更有利于提高油田注水开发效果.     

简易单片机编程器的研制

提出了一种在AT89C5 1仿真板上实现编程器来替代专门的编程器 ,分析了AT89C5 1芯片进行编程的方法 ,并详细阐述了硬件和软件的实现。     

一个简单语言编译器的设计与实现

定义了一种简单的高级语言--Min-B语言和一个虚拟的简单计算机的机器语言VSML,详细阐述了一个能够将Min-B语言源程序转换成VSML目标程序的编译器的设计思路和实现方法,并简要介绍了能够运行VSML的计算机仿真器simpleMachine的设计方法.     

基于不同类型电极的地电场变化与活动断裂关系

通过分析铅电极和固体不极化电极测量的地电场变化特征、地面场与区域气压及测向与附近断裂走向的关系等发现:1)2种地电场与断裂走向近垂直的测向日变幅相对较小,与断裂走向近平行的测向日变幅相对较大;2)活动断裂附近,基于铅电极测量的地电场有气压非周期变化形态,且各测向地电场和气压变化的相关性与测向和附近断裂走向的夹角有关,夹...     

围压与轴压共同作用对恐龙化石应力场的影响

包括恐龙化石在内的古生物化石是重要的地质遗迹,是研究生物进化的最重要资料。该文从物理力学角度,通过数值试验模拟分析围压和轴压作用下对恐龙化石强度和破坏特性的影响效果。试验结果表明:不同埋深时围压对含有不同角度裂隙化石应力影响较大,随着埋深增加,含有裂隙化石的应力大幅增大。在围压与轴压共同作用时,埋深对开裂角的影响较小,而随埋深增大时极限载荷也随之增大。同时,在不同埋深下开裂角随裂隙角度的变化趋势一致,均随着裂隙角度的增大而减小;而极限载荷随裂隙角度的变化趋势一致。     

Pressure characteristics of landslide-generated impulse waves

The destructiveness of impulse waves generated by landslides(IWL) originates from the wave's movement and load, wherein the impulse wave's load is the major cause of sub-aerial building damage and casualties. In this study, an experiment involving 16 groups of physical tests for the wave pressure generated by a landslide was designed, consisting of 4 sets of IWL and 4 opposite bank slope angles. A high-frequency strain system was used to measure the total pressure of the impulse wave in a water tank. The tests showed that the dynamic pressure caused by the IWL can be divided into two types: impact pressure generated by the jetflow and the pulsating pressure caused by the wave. Under the same impulse wave conditions, the maximum run-up becomes smaller as the opposite bank's slope angle increases, and the jetflow maximum impact pressure experienced by the opposite bank increases, while the maximum pulsating pressure caused by the impulse wave is slightly decreased. Different from previous studies, the spatial maximum pressure distributions of the wave generated by landslide were concluded that the position of the maximum pulsating pressure appears adjacent to the still water surface, and the overall spatial distribution pattern of maximum wave pressure is presented as an inclined "M" shape.Meanwhile, this study is the first to quantitatively analyzed that impact pressure has a very short action time, is even 7 times of the pulse pressure value, and there is a simple mathematical linear relationship between the two. Currently, some wave-load formulas for wind waves and tides are not applicable to calculating the loads of IWL. Research on the load of IWL will explain the hazard of impulse wave very clearly, and will greatly contribute to hazard prevention, mitigation and risk assessment work associated with IWL.     

基于对偶四元数的三维空间坐标转换直接解法

利用对偶四元数能同时描述旋转矩阵和平移向量的优势,提出一种适用于大角度的三维空间坐标转换参数求解模型。该模型解决了传统算法不适用于大旋角的问题,可以直接解算坐标转换参数,且无需迭代初始值。通过模拟数据进行仿真实验表明,该方法无需线性化,计算简便,验证了该方法的正确性与有效性。     

贝壳中维界面的亲疏水特征

【目的】从亲疏水特征的角度对贝壳各层次结构中的界面进行分析探讨。【方法】采用接触角测量仪对贝壳的中维界面、无机文石及无机方解石进行水接触角测量。【结果】贝壳内表面的水接触角普遍大于90°,其中最大值为113°,最小值为91°;贝壳表壳层内表面边缘位置的水接触角平均值为67°,内部位置的水接触角平均值为112°;无机文石及无机方解石平整表面的水接触角均小于90°,其平均值分别为50°、49°。【结论】贝壳内表面具有疏水性,即有机质层具有疏水性;由于具有亲水特征的文石及方解石为贝壳矿物的主要成分,说明贝壳矿物结构具有亲水性;贝壳表壳层内表面边缘呈现亲水特征,内部呈现疏水特征。     

中高渗倾斜地层与水平地层中CO2地质封存的差异性对比

CO2地质封存是减少CO2向大气排放,缓解温室效应的有效手段之一。由于构造和成岩作用,倾斜地层在自然界中普遍存在,研究倾斜地层对CO2封存量及安全性的影响具有实际意义。依托新疆准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷某CO2地质封存示范工程,采用数值模拟方法,分析了中高渗CO2储层地层倾角变化对CO2地质封存过程的影响。结果表明:CO2注入将导致近井区域地层压力显著升高;中高渗倾斜地层与水平地层相比,在地层压力分布、CO2侧向运移距离、CO2注入速率和总封存量等方面均存在明显差异。相比于水平地层,由于地层倾角的存在,倾斜地层压力呈不对称分布,CO2侧向运移距离显著加大。倾斜地层中压力传递和消散过程与水平地层差异显著,受此影响,倾斜地层与水平地层CO2的总注入量差值随时间呈非单调性变化。在注入初期,倾斜地层CO2的总注入量小于水平地层,随着注入时间延长,倾斜地层CO2的总注入量逐渐接近并超过水平地层;注入20年后,相较于水平地层,倾斜地层倾角越大越有助于增加CO2的总注入量,这一研究结果与前人基于低渗倾斜地层的研究结论正好相反。地层倾角的存在会促进CO2向浅部运移,倾角越大,CO2向浅部含水层和大气泄露的风险越大。因此,在CO2地质封存场地选址中,应充分考虑倾斜地层对封存效率及安全性的影响。     

Measuring the internal velocity of debris flows using impact pressure detecting in the flume experiment

Measuring the internal velocity of debris flows is very important for debris flow dynamics research and designing debris flow control works. However, there is no appropriate method for measuring the internal velocity because of the destructive power of debris flow process. In this paper, we address this problem by using the relationship between velocity and kinetic pressure, as described by surface velocity and surface kinetic pressure data. Kinetic pressure is the difference of impact pressure and static pressure. The former is detected by force sensors installed in the flow direction at the sampling section. Observations show that static pressure can be computed using the formula for static water pressure by simply substituting water density for debris flow density. We describe the relationship between surface velocity and surface kinetic pressure using data from seven laboratory flume experiments. It is consistent with the relationship for single phase flow, which is the measurement principle of the Pitot tube.     

Application of transparent soil model tests to study the soil-rock interfacial sliding mechanism

When transparent soil technology is used to study the displacement of a slope, the internal deformation of the slope can be visualized. We studied the sliding mechanism of the soil-rock slope by using transparent soil technology and considering the influence of the rock mass Barton joint roughness coefficient, angle of the soil mass, angle of the rock mass and soil thickness factors on slope stability. We obtained the deformation characteristics of the soil and rock slope with particle image velocimetry and the laser speckle technique. The test analysis shows that the slope sliding can be divided into three parts: displacements at the top, the middle, and the bottom of the slope; the decrease in the rock mass Barton joint roughness coefficient, and the increase in soil thickness, angles of the rock mass and soil mass lead to larger sliding displacements. Furthermore, we analyzed the different angles between the rock mass and soil thickness. The test result shows that the displacement of slope increases with larger angle of the rock mass. Conclusively, all these results can help to explain the soil-rock interfacial sliding mechanism.     

Experimental study on pore water pressure dissipation of mucky soil

Pore water pressure has an important influence on mechanical properties of soil. The authors studied the characteristics of pore water pressure dissipating of mucky soil under consolidated-drained condition by using refitted triaxial instrument and analyzed the variation of pore pressure coefficient with consolidation pressure. The results show that the dissipating of pore water pressure behaves in different ways depends on different styles of loading. What is more, the pore water pressure coefficient of mucky soil is less than 1. As the compactness of soil increases and moisture content reduces, the value of B reduces. There is a staggered dissipating in the process of consolidation, in which it is a mutate point when U/P is 80%. It is helpful to establish the pore water pressure model and study the strength-deformation of soil in process of consolidation.     

利用Butterworth滤波器平滑加速度计的双天线GNSS/MEMS组合测姿

在双天线GNSS/MEMS组合测姿中,低精度、低成本的MEMS加速度计输出通常包含比较大的噪声,导致由加速度计调平计算得到的水平角观测值精度较低,影响组合测姿的精度和可靠性。不同于传统的时域降噪方法,从频域的角度出发,根据实际车载运动中加速度计输出具有因汽车固有结构产生的高频振动噪声的特点,利用滑动窗口的Butterworth低通滤波器平滑加速度计输出。动态车载实验结果表明,该滤波器降噪效果明显。与滤波前相比,水平角观测值精度提升了约4倍,达到(0.643°,0.546°)。在此基础上,滤波后组合测姿精度也从(0.124°,0.738°,0.532°)提升到(0.122°,0.074°,0.052°),其中水平角精度提升了大约一个数量级,滤波后的测姿结果更加准确可靠。     

福州SA雷达新观测模式结果对比及海浪回波识别

福州SA雷达经过调整常规观测模式采用超低仰角进行扫描,这样可以改进常规观测模式的不足,如远距离和底层探测能力、台风预警预报等,但也易受海浪回波等非气象回波的影响。这些非气象回波会对雷达定量估测降水及其他产品造成污染,所以必须进行自动识别、剔除。分别对超低仰角与常规观测模式仰角下收集到的海浪回波做特征统计分析对比,并利用常规观测模式下的海浪回披识别算法对超低仰角层下观测的海浪回波进行识别。通过特征统计分析及识别结果表明：海浪回波算法识别参数（TDBZ、SPIN、TVDBZ、MDVE）统计特征均无太大变化,利用常规模式下海浪回波识别算法能很好地识别超低仰角下的海浪回波。通过上述验证分析得出：利用常规观测模式下的海浪回波识别算法应用在超低仰角下进行识别是可行的。     

一种冲击噪声中波达方向估计的有效算法

基于空间平滑技术和矩阵重构技术,提出了一种相干信源下波达方向估计的新算法。算法在非高斯冲击噪声下,能对波达方向进行有效地估计。与基于分数低阶矩算法以及基于分数低阶矩平滑算法相比较,新算法能在信噪比为-5dB时,提高40％的成功估计概率。信噪比为0dB-10dB时,成功概率大约提高20％,且均方根误差被降低近20％-50％。计算机仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

Study on the performance of the micropile-mechanically stabilized earth wall

The Micropile-Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall, specially designed for mountain roads, is proposed to improve the MSE wall local stability, global stability and impact resistance of roadside barriers. Model tests and the corresponding numerical modeling were conducted to validate the serviceability of the Micropile-MSE wall and the reliability of the numerical method. Then, a parametric study of the stress and deformation of Micropile-MSE wall based on the backfill strength and interfacial friction angle between backfill and backslope is conducted to evaluate its performance. The test results indicate that the surcharge-induced horizontal earth pressure, base pressure and lateral displacement of the wall panel of Micropile-MSE wall decrease. The corresponding numerical results are nearly equal to the measured values. The basic failure mode of MSE wall in steep terrain is the sliding of backfill along the backslope, while A-frame style micropiles are capable of preventing the sliding trend. The maximum resultant displacement can be decreased by 6.25% to 46.9% based on different interfacial friction angles, and the displacement can be reduced by 6% ~ 56.1% based on different backfill strengths. Furthermore, the reduction increases when the interfacial friction angle and internal friction angle of backfill decrease. In addition, the lateral displacement of wall panel, the deformation of backfill decrease and the tension strain of geogrid obviously, which guarantees the MSE wall functions and provides good conditions for mountain roads.     

基于能量判据的剪切破坏型危岩主控结构面断裂扩展研究

将剪切型危岩主控结构面按受力机理归纳为压剪和拉剪两种形式，其本质是Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹的断裂扩展问题。应用最大应变能释放准则，建立危岩主控结构面开裂角θ0和断裂韧度GIC的计算方法。选取重庆万州首立山典型危岩进行计算，结果表明，其断裂角与基于最大周向应力准则的断裂角计算结果一致，主控结构面的开裂方向均是指向临空面方向，初步验证了方法的可行性。     

弯曲角反演GNSS掩星电离层密度轮廓的修正方法

用IGRF11地磁场模型代替真实地磁场,在计算GNSS射线路径TEC的过程中加入地磁场信息,从而对用TEC随碰撞高度的变化率算得的弯曲角进行修正。利用实测数据测试表明,该方法相对于不考虑地磁场的一般反演法的相对误差大约为1 ‰,即与理论影响值基本一致。这说明该方法能够有效消除地磁场对反演结果的影响,反演理论更为严密。     

基于点面关系构建的线基元点云配准算法

针对传统的点特征点云配准算法不能解决缺失同名点的配准问题,从点在平面上的几何关系出发,利用具有较强几何约束能力的直线特征,推导出基于单位四元数表征的无需同名直线端点完全对应的点云配准模型。结果表明,该模型不仅能够同步求解配准参数,还适用于大旋转角的配准问题,同时降低了配准模型对参数初值的要求,增强了配准模型的稳定性和实用性。