East Scandinavian and Noril’sk plume mafic large igneous provinces of Pd-Pt ores: Geological and metallogenic comparison

This paper compares the geological, geophysical, and isotopic geochemical data on the Paleoproterozoic East Scandinavian Pd-Pt province in the Baltic Shield and the Late Paleozoic Noril’sk Pd-Pt province in the Siberian Craton. Both provinces contain large magmatic PGE deposits: low-sulfide in the Baltic Shield and high-sulfide in the Siberian Craton. Multidisciplinary evidence shows that the East Scandinavian mafic large igneous province, which has a plume nature, is intracratonic and was not subjected to the crucial effect of subduction-related and other contamination processes, whereas the Noril’sk province is pericratonic with substantial crustal contamination of the intrusive processes. Low-sulfide Pd-Pt deposits dominate in the East Scandinavian province, while high-sulfide Ni-Cu-PGE deposits play the leading role in the Noril’sk province. The U-Pb, Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr isotopic data indicate multistage and long-term (tens of millions of years) geological history of mafic large igneous provinces. The plume magmatism with specific geochemistry and metallogeny is probably related to lower mantle sources.     

Ore-magmatic systems of the Noril’sk ore field

Plutonogenic ore-magmatic systems of the Noril’sk ore field are unique constituents of the P₂–T₁ trap formation in the East Siberian Platform. We consider the formation of ore-bearing intrusions, evolution of Cr-spinels in intrusive magmatites, possible mechanisms of formation of massive, disseminated, and impregnated magmatic sulfide ores, possible reasons for the abundance of sulfide melts, quasi-anhydrite isotopic composition of sulfur of sulfide ores, and products of interaction of sulfide melts with ore-hosting basites. The unique contents of PGE, Ag, and Au in ores (eutectic Iss–PbSss intergrowths, crystallization products of low-temperature Ni-Fe-Cu-Pb-S melts) have been estimated for the first time. We have established that pneumatolytic Ag-Au-Pt-Pd mineralization is intimately related to the fluid aureoles near magmatic sulfide bodies. Pneumatolytic PGM are subdivided into early (tetraferroplatinum with lamellae atokite, paolovite with lamellae of insizwaite-geversite and niggliite, etc.), middle (rustenburgite-atokite-zvyagintsevite, mayakite, stannopalladinite, polarite, plumbopalladinite, maslovite, tatiyanite-taimyrite, Pd-Pt-containing tetraauricupride, etc.), late (sobolevskite, froodite, hessite, michenerite, cabriite, minerals of Au-Ag series, etc.), and the latest (sperrylite). The direct, reverse, oscillation, and complex zoning of gold particles is much due to variations in the Te activity in the fluids. Pneumatolytic noble-metal minerals were produced at <490 ºC in strongly reducing conditions with extremely low S₂ fugacity. The Pb isotope composition evidences that all systems of the trap formation in the Noril’sk region had the same mantle source. The Pb isotope compositions of ore-bearing intrusions, magmatic sulfide ores, PbSss, and Pd-Pt intermetallides in the Noril’sk and Talnakh ore clusters differ significantly: Lead in the Talnakh cluster is more radiogenic. This evidences genetic relations between sulfide ores and particular intrusions as well as different intermediate magma chambers in the Noril’sk and Talnakh clusters, and a higher degree of contamination of mantle magmas in the Talnakh cluster, which might be the explanation of its giant area.     

Results of chemical dating of monazite from the Talnakh economic intrusion (Russia)

Economic copper, nickel, and platinum-group element (PGE) deposits are associated with the Talnakh ultramafic–mafic intrusion of the Noril’sk Province in the northwestern part of the Siberian Platform. The results of the chemical Th–U–Pb dating of monazite from the ore-bearing melanotroctolites of the Talnakh intrusion are presented. The isotope-geochemical features of monazite are compared with zircon, sulfides, and baddeleyite.     

四川杨柳坪Cu—Ni—PGE富矿体的成因及意义

Cu-Ni-PGE矿床绝大多数赋存在基性超基性岩岩体内部,在成因上主要与岩浆结晶分异熔离作用有关,岩浆期后或者独立的热液对于矿床的形成往往起叠加富集的作用。但在四川杨柳坪矿区,除了一般岩浆结晶分异熔离作用形成的Cu-Ni-PGE矿体之外,新近还发现存在独立的完全由热液形成的Cu-Ni-PGE矿体,矿体赋存在基性超基性岩体之外的大理岩片岩中,与基性超基性岩没有直接的关系,矿石品位很高,而且已经成为首要的开采对象。考虑到这样的富矿体在国外文献中鲜有报道,本文介绍其地质概况及初步的研究结果。     

俄罗斯远东地区铂族金属矿床勘查进展及找矿启示

近年来,俄罗斯远东地区铂族金属矿床勘查取得了长足进展,发现铂族金属矿化与金矿化密切相关,铂族金属矿床与中心型环带状基性-超基性侵入杂岩体在空间和成因上有密切联系,在黑色岩系及褐煤矿床中也发现了铂族金属矿化.上述成果指明了该区铂族金属矿床的找矿方向,发现并探明了一批铂族金属矿床.这些勘查进展对我国的铂族金属矿床勘查具有借鉴意义.     

Mineralogy, geochemistry and stratigraphy of the Maslovsky Pt–Cu–Ni sulfide deposit, Noril’sk Region, Russia

We report new data on the stratigraphy, mineralogy and geochemistry of the rocks and ores of the Maslovsky Pt–Cu–Ni sulfide deposit which is thought to be the southwestern extension of the Noril’sk 1 intrusion. Variations in the Ta/Nb ratio of the gabbro-dolerites hosting the sulfide mineralization and the compositions of their pyroxene and olivine indicate that these rocks were produced by two discrete magmatic pulses, which gave rise to the Northern and Southern Maslovsky intrusions that together host the Maslovsky deposit. The Northern intrusion is located inside the Tungusska sandstones and basalt of the Ivakinsky Formation. The Southern intrusion cuts through all of the lower units of the Siberian Trap tuff-lavas, including the Lower Nadezhdinsky Formation; demonstrating that the ore-bearing intrusions of the Noril’sk Complex post-date that unit. Rocks in both intrusions have low TiO₂ and elevated MgO contents (average mean TiO₂ <1 and MgO?=?12?wt.%) that are more primitive than the lavas of the Upper Formations of the Siberian Traps which suggests that the ore-bearing intrusions result from a separate magmatic event. Unusually high concentrations of both HREE (Dy+Yb+Er+Lu) and Y (up to 1.2 and 2.1?ppm, respectively) occur in olivines (Fo_79.5 and 0.25% NiO) from picritic and taxitic gabbro-dolerites with disseminated sulfide mineralization. Thus accumulation of HREE, Y and Ni in the melts is correlated with the mineral potential of the intrusions. The TiO₂ concentration in pyroxene has a strong negative correlation with the Mg# of both host mineral and Mg# of host rock. Sulfides from the Northern Maslovsky intrusion are predominantly chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite–pentlandite with subordinate and minor amounts of cubanite, bornite and millerite and a diverse assemblage of rare precious metal minerals including native metals (Au, Ag and Pd), Sn–Pd–Pt–Bi–Pb compounds and Fe–Pt alloys. Sulfides from the Southern Maslovsky intrusion have δ ³⁴S?=?5–6‰ up to 10.8‰ in two samples whereas the country rock basalt have δ ³⁴S?=?3–4‰, implying there was no in situ assimilation of surrounding rocks by magmas.     

试论与布什维尔德杂岩体有关的铂族元素-铬铁矿矿床成矿系列及其对中国西南部的意义

布什维尔德杂岩体中铂族元素成矿作用具有多样性的特点,既有主岩体岩浆结晶分异形成的UG2和Merensky层,有晚期小岩体结晶分异产生的块状铜镍硫化物矿石中伴生的铂族元素矿床（如Nkomati）,也有岩体侵入过程中产于接触带的热液成因硫化物-铂族元素矿床（如Potgietersrust）,以及岩筒型矿床（如Mooihoek和Driekop）、剪切带热液型硫化物矿床（如TweefonteinHill）和石英脉型铂族元素矿床.这些矿床虽然产出部位不同（矿体可以分布在岩体内部也可以出现在接触带甚至远离岩体）,矿石类型也不同（有的是铬铁矿型,有的是硫化物型,有的是硅酸盐型,甚至还有石英脉型）,但铂族元素的富集都与布什维尔德基性超基性岩杂岩体密切有关,实际上构成一个完整的由布什维尔德地幔柱形成的矿床成矿系列。类似的矿床成矿系列在深受峨眉地幔柱影响的我国西南部地区也存在,这对于在我国寻找多种类型的铂族元素矿床无疑具有重要的启示意义.除了金宝山和杨柳坪等地的岩浆型铂矿外,近年来在杨柳坪、大岩子等地也先后发现了热液型铂族元素矿床.     

Potential Mineral Resources of the Anabar Anteclise Cover

The sedimentary cover of the Anabar Anteclise, Siberian Platform incorporates ore-bearing horizons of diverse ages with originally placer-related mineralization. Beds of coarse-clastic rocks with diamond occurrences are most widespread. Horizons with Nb–REE mineralization (including those hosting the well-known Tomtor stratiform ore deposit) and conglomerates with fine-grained native gold are less common. At least twice, at the Late Riphean–Vendian boundary and in the mid-Paleozoic, the anteclise experienced tectonic destruction related to alkaline–ultramafic (including kimberlitic) magmatism. This circumstance is responsible for the predominantly diamond and rare metal mineragenic specialization and local gold mineralization.     

Results of U-Pb dating of zircon and baddeleyite from the Noril’sk-1 ultramafic-mafic intrusion (Russia)

We present for the first time the mineralogical and isotope-geochemical particularities of zircon and baddeleyite from various rocks of the economic ore-bearing Noril’sk-1 intrusion located in the northwestern part of the Siberian platform. The ultramafic-mafic Noril’sk-1 intrusion hosts one of the world’s major economic platinum-group-element (PGE)-Cu-Ni sulphide deposits.A detailed study of crystal morphology and internal structure identify four zircon populations, characterized by different U-Pb (SHRIMP-II) ages. The U-Pb ages of baddeleyite and the defined zircon populations cover a significant time span (from 290 ± 2.8 to 226.7 ± 0.9 Ma). The established U-Pb ages imply that crystallization of baddeleyite and zircon populations corresponds to several stages of protracted evolution of the ore-forming magmatic system (290 ± 2.8, 261.3 ± 1.6, 245.7 ± 1.1, 236.5 ± 1.8, and 226.7 ± 0.9 Ma, respectively) that served as the favorable factor for accumulation of magmas and ores of unique scales and concentrations.     

铂族元素矿床地球化学勘查的战略和技术

最近10年，PGE地球化学勘查取得许多进展，在此对主要进展作一简短的评述。①通过对已知其它金属矿床的再认识和再评价，发现新类型PGE矿床；②通过对已知PGE矿床的地球化学勘查，发现新的找矿靶区；③在空白区通过PGE地球化学填图，发现规模巨大的PGE地球化学省或巨省，为寻找PGE矿床提供了直接的找矿信息。根据中国的具体情况提出了中国PGE地球化学勘查的战略目标是：采用迅速，掌握全局，逐步缩小靶区的找矿战略，力争用5-10a时间使PGE矿床找矿获得重大突破。部署工作应以西南Pt、Pd地球化学省、新-甘-青Pt     

Crustal sulfur is required to form magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits: evidence from chalcophile element signatures of Siberian and Deccan Trap basalts

Process models for ore formation in magmatic Ni–Cu–platinum group element (PGE) sulfide systems require that S saturation is achieved in a mafic–ultramafic magma. Traditional models explain the achievement of S saturation or sulfide saturation either by the addition of crustal S, by the felsification of the magma by crustal contamination, or by mixing between primitive and evolved magmas. Which process matters most is important to industry-oriented exploration models where crustal S sources are believed to be encouraging features of a metallotect. Studies of the Siberian Trap flood basalts at Noril’sk have demonstrated that chalcophile element depletion is linked to assimilation of silica-rich crust, but it is less clear whether this contaminant contained an appreciable amount of S. At Noril’sk, the Ni–Cu–PGE sulfide deposits are associated with subvolcanic intrusions that were emplaced into Permian and Carboniferous sedimentary sequences rich in shales, marlstones, and evaporites. Similar to the Siberian Trap basalts, the Deccan Trap contains a volumetrically important suite of crustally contaminated tholeiitic basalts. We present new PGE data for samples from a stratigraphic sequence of basalts from the southern Deccan province. Two of the formations in this sequence (the Bushe and Poladpur Formations) have geochemical signatures indicative of a wide degree of crustal contamination of a magma type that gave rise to the stratigraphically higher Ambenali Formation (a product of transitional midocean ridge basalt magmatism). There are no known deposits or occurrences of Ni–Cu–PGE sulfides associated with subvolcanic intrusions in the Deccan province. Despite the fact that the Bushe Formation exhibits a stronger crustal contamination signature than the most contaminated Siberian Trap basalt formations, and the Poladpur lavas are also strongly crustally contaminated, the Bushe and Poladpur basalts are undepleted in Ni, Cu, or PGE. This indicates that the contaminated Deccan Trap lavas did not achieve S saturation. This, in turn, places constraints on the potential of the Deccan Trap in southern India to host significant magmatic sulfide deposits. Conversely, this observation also indicates that an S-rich crustal contaminant is required for the genesis of magmatic Ni–Cu–PGE sulfide deposits.     

Resource potential of one of Earth's final remaining frontiers: the Siberian Platform

The Siberian Platform, covering a vast area of East Siberia (Russian Federation), represents one of the largest underexplored regions in Asia. Previous expeditions and regional surveys in the twentieth century, however, suggest that the Siberian Platform and adjacent orogenic belts hold significant potential for large undiscovered gold, copper, diamond and industrial mineral deposits, along with extensive oil and gas fields. The remoteness of the region, its inhospitable winter climate, and a major lack of modern infrastructure and mining methods have long hampered exploration in this area. These factors, along with the additional investment required and political uncertainties involved with operating in Russia, have deterred many international mining companies from considering the Siberian Platform as a viable region for exploration and mining. However, as mining industry paradigms change into a green, battery metals‐driven commodity sector, and modern mining methods are developed, increasing efficiency at a lower cost, the significant undiscovered mineral potential of the Siberian Platform could elevate the region to the forefront of mineral exploration and mining in the future.     

岩浆硫化物矿床勘查研究的趋势与小岩体成矿系统

通过2009年西安Ni-Cu（Pt）岩浆矿床国际学术研讨会和近10年来的勘查研究现状,可以看出岩浆硫化物矿床勘查领域的发展趋势为：与大型层状岩体有关的铂族矿床仍然受到关注;Sudbury矿床的特殊性和不可参照性取得了共识;小岩体矿床是勘查研究的主流;通道成矿作用受到重视。以大型层状岩体Bushveld为例,介绍了其中的Merensky矿层、UG-2矿层和北翼接触带的Platreef矿床。由于中国没有发现这种大型层状岩体,因此应当重视那些中小型层状岩体中可能赋存的铂族矿床。迄今为止,除了Sudbury矿床这个特殊的实例之外,国内外所有具有经济意义的Ni-Cu矿床都寄生于小岩体中并自成一个成矿系统。这个小岩体成矿系统包含成矿背景、邻近深大断裂、原始岩浆、先导性岩浆成岩作用、继发性岩浆成矿作用以及深部熔离-分期贯入-终端岩浆房聚集成矿等。近10年的勘查实践进一步说明,这类小岩体矿床仍是中国今后的主要勘查研究方向。最后,介绍了Noril sk-Talnakh和Voisey s Bay矿床的深部熔离-通道成矿机制,这种机制增添了小岩体成矿作用的多样性;但是,其现存空间是开放性岩浆通道还是封闭性终端岩浆房,还有待更多的研究和实践。     

Siderophile and chalcophile metal variations in Tertiary picrites and basalts from West Greenland with implications for the sulphide saturation history of continental flood basalt magmas

Sixty-five million year old continental flood basalts crop out on Qeqertarssuaq Island and the Nuussuaq Peninsula in West Greenland, and they include ～1,000 m of picritic lavas and discrete 10- to 50-m-thick members of highly contaminated basalts. On Qeqertarssuaq, the lavas are allocated to the Vaîgat and Maligât Formations of which the former includes the Naujánguit member, which consists of picrites with 7–29 wt% MgO, 80–1,400 ppm Ni, 5.7–9.4 ppb Pt and 4.2–12.9 ppb Pd. The Naujánguit member contains two horizons of contaminated basalts, the Asûk and Kûgánguaq, which have elevated SiO2 (52–58 wt%) and low to moderate MgO (7.5–12.8 wt%). These lavas are broadly characterized by low Cu and Ni abundances (average, 40 ppm Ni and 45 ppm Cu) and very low Pt (0.16–0.63 ppb) and Pd (0.13–0.68 ppb) abundances, and in the case of the Asûk, they contain shale xenoliths and droplets of native iron and troilite. The contaminated basalts from Nuussuaq, the B0 to B4 members, are also usually Ni-, Cu-, and platinum-group elements (PGE)-depleted. The geochemical signatures (especially the ratios of incompatible trace elements such as Th/Nb) of all of the contaminated basalts from Qeqertarssuaq and some of those from Nuussuaq record what appears to be a chemical contribution from deltaic shales that lie immediately below the lavas. This suggests that the contamination of the magmas occurred during the migration of the magmas through plumbing systems developed in sedimentary rocks, and hence, at a high crustal level. Nickel, Cu, and PGE depletion together with geochemical signatures produced by crustal contamination are also a feature of Siberian Trap basalts from the Noril’sk region. These basalts belong to the 0- to 500-m thick, ～5,000- to 10,000-km³ Nadezhdinsky Formation, which is centered in the Noril’sk Region. A major difference between Siberia and West Greenland is that PGE depletion in the Nadezhdinsky Formation samples with the lowest Cu and Ni contents is much more severe than that of the West Greenland contaminated basalts. Moreover, the volumes of the contaminated and metal-depleted volcanic rocks in West Greenland pale is significant when compared to the Nadezhdinsky Formation; local centers rarely contain more than 15 thin flows with a combined thickness of <50 m and more typically 10–20 m, so the volume of the eruptive portions of each system is probably two orders of magnitude smaller than the Nadezhdinsky edifice. The West Greenland centres are juxtaposed along fault zones that appear to be linked to the subsidence of the Tertiary delta, and so emplacement along N–S structures appears to be a principal control on the distribution of lavas and feeder intrusions. This leads us to suggest that the Greenland system is small and segregation of sulphide took place at high levels in the crust, whereas at Noril’sk, the saturation event took place at depth with subsequent emplacement of sulphide-bearing magmas into high levels of the crust. As a consequence, it may be unreasonable to expect that the West Greenland flood basalts experienced mineralizing processes on the scale of the Noril’sk system.     

Sources and formation conditions of sulfide-silicate magmas in the Noril’sk district

Geology, tectonomagmatic reactivation of the Noril??sk district, as well as stratigraphy and geochemistry of the volcanic sequence are considered. Sources and formation mechanism of ore-bearing magma and the scope of ore formation are discussed. The Permian-Triassic flood-basalt magmatism of the Noril??sk district developed in part of the Siberian Platform with Archean-Paleoproterozoic basement broken into blocks and overlapped by a sedimentary cover up to 13 km thick and a volcanic sequence reaching 3.7 km in thickness. The geophysical data show that remnants of the subducted ancient oceanic crust exist in the mantle and fragments of transitional magma chambers and conduits are retained at different levels of the Earth??s crust. The cyclic tectonomagmatic evolution of the territory was characterized by alternation of extension with intense volcanic activity and compression accompanied by waning of volcanic eruptions. The early rifting, transitional stage, and late dispersed spreading are distinguished. The associations of volcanic (lavas and tuffs) and intrusive rocks were formed during each stage. The volcanic sequence is subdivided into 11 formations. The intrusions of the Talnakh and Noril??sk ore fields are distinguished by two-level structure with the Upper Noril??sk ore-bearing intrusions above and the Lower Noril??sk barren intrusions below. Two types of primary magmas differ in geochemistry of lavas and intrusions: (1) OIB-type high-Ti magma (iv, sv, gd formations of the first stage from bottom to top) and (2) low-Ti magma (hk, tk, nd formations of the second stage and mr-mk formations of the third stage). The nd formation depleted in ore elements and the ore-bearing cumulus composed of silicate and sulfide melts in combination with early silicate minerals and chromite are products of the fractionation of the primary low-Ti magma. As follows from geochemical parameters, intrusions of the Lower Noril??sk type are comagmatic to the evolved lavas of the nd₃ subformation, whereas intrusions of the Upper Noril??sk type are comagmatic to the lavas of the mr-mk formations. Geochemical similarity with volcanic rocks provides evidence for the composition of the initial magma and the time of intrusion emplacement. The ore-bearing intrusions of the Upper Noril??sk type were formed at the onset of the third stage, when the primitive low-Ti magma similar to the lavas of mr-mk formations in composition was emplaced. When intruding, this melt captured and transported ore-bearing cumulus (drops of sulfide melt, early olivine and chromite grains) into the magma chamber. Separate portions of sulfide liquid were involved into movement as a self-dependent intrusive subphase during formation of the Talnakh and Kharaelakh intrusions. An extremal effect of pressure on sulfur concentration in fluid-bearing and sulfide-saturated mafic magmas has been established in experiments to be P = 1?2 GPa. In this interval of pressure, the S concentration in sulfide-saturated magmas increases in the following sequence: dry magma ??(H₂O + CO₂)-bearing magma <H₂O-bearing magma. In the regions of low (<0.3 GPa) and high (>2.5 GPa) pressures, the S contents (0.1?C0.2 wt %) are commensurable. The extremal baric relationship of S concentration in fluid-bearing and sulfide-saturated mafic magmas may be important for the formation of ore-bearing magmas. The calculation results show that the amount of sulfides in the known deposits does not exceed 2% of geological resources of the sulfides separated from the flood basalts. Therefore, the chance of discovery of new deposits remains rather high. Proceeding from the conditions of ore-bearing magma formation and geological setting of the known deposits, criteria for recognition of potentially ore-bearing areas are proposed and such areas are outlined.     

Geochemical aspects of the assimilation of host rocks by basaltic magmas during the formation of Noril’sk Cu-Ni ores

In models for the genesis of the Noril’sk Pt-Cu-Ni ore deposits, much importance is attached to the processes of assimilation of host rocks by basaltic melts. This idea is based on unusual relations between the silicate and sulfide constituents of this type of ore deposits and also on the heavy sulfur isotopic composition of the sulfide ores. The reason for this unusual composition is thought to be the assimilation of anhydrite from the host rocks. However, no other factors able to influence this process have ever been analyzed in the literature. We were the first to thoroughly analyze the inner structure of contact aureoles of the intrusions hosted in various rocks: the Maslovsky intrusion in Early Triassic basalts of the Ivakinsky and Nadezhdinsky formations and the Talnakh intrusion in Devonian anhydrite-bearing carbonate-terrigenous rocks. The distributions of trace elements, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic ratio, and Sm and Nd isotopes indicate that host rocks were either not assimilated at all, or their effect is perceptible only within a very narrow (1 m) zone in the eastern apophyse in the southern portion of the Maslovsky intrusion. The Sr, Nd, and particularly, Pb isotopic composition indicate that the anhydrite could not be the source of isotopically heavy sulfur for sulfides at Noril’sk deposits. The ores of the Maslovsky and Talnakh intrusions have similar sulfur isotopic composition of their sulfides (the maximum δ³⁴S values of these sulfides reach +10.8 and +14.2‰, respectively), in spite of the significant differences in the rocks hosting these intrusions. Our newly obtained data indicate that assimilation was insignificant and could not affect the origin of the ores.     

Isotopic-geochemical characteristics of the ore-bearing ultramafic-mafic intrusions of western Taimyr,Russia

The composition and isotopic-geochemical peculiarities of zircons from the ore-bearing ultramafic-mafic intrusions of western Taimyr that are promising for finding Pt-Cu-Ni mineralization were characterized for the first time. The similar U-Pb age of zircons from the Binyuda and Dyumaltei intrusions (248.3 ± 13 and 244.4 ± 2.4 Ma, respectively) indicates that the intrusions were formed almost synchronously with tholeiitic basalts of the Siberian Platform. The age and Nd-Sr data of intrusions of western Taimyr are distinct from those of economic ore-bearing intrusions of the Noril’sk province characterized by long-term magmatic evolution of the rocks and different material sources.     

豫西Au- Mo- W- Pb- Zn- Ag- Fe- 铝土矿-石墨成矿带主要地质成矿特征及潜力分析

随着地质大调查的开展,豫西地区新的找矿进展和预测成果不断涌现,使之成为我国重点找矿地区之一,需要对其开展系统的成矿区划和部署研究工作。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,厘定边界并将其命名为"豫西Au-Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe-铝土矿-石墨成矿带"。结合区域成矿地质背景的综合研究,在区内划分了10个成矿亚带,初步建立了Au-Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe-铝土矿-石墨成矿带成矿谱系,其成矿作用具有多期次发育和多系统控制的特点,在时间演化上表现为多旋回性、继承性、新生性和叠加性特点,主要成矿期有前寒武纪、寒武纪-早石炭世、晚石炭世-中三叠世和晚三叠世-早白垩世,其中晚侏罗世-早白垩世是内生金属矿床成矿大爆发期。研究区主要成矿类型为岩浆热液型金银铅锌矿、斑岩型-矽卡岩型钼钨矿、层控热液型和海相火山岩型铅锌矿、古风化壳残积型铝土矿、沉积-变质型铁铜石墨矿和伟晶岩型稀有金属矿等。结合区域找矿进展和潜力评价最新成果,认为本区金、钼钨、铅锌银、铝土矿、铁、石墨、煤矿潜力巨大,为下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,同时在本区划分了25个远景区,其中14个为重点远景区,11个为一般远景区,对研究区下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。     

河南省嵩箕地区铝土矿Li、Ti、Zr、Ga、Nb和LREE的矿化分析

通过对河南省嵩箕地区大峪沟、涌泉、朝阳沟、青石沟、孙桥、白坪等6处铝土矿床进行了稀有金属、稀土、稀散元素成矿潜力初步研究。19件铝土矿及铝质粘土岩样品的分析结果揭示了Li、Ti、Zr、Ga、Nb和LREE的矿化信息,为河南省嵩箕地区铝土矿中"三稀"矿产资源的勘查提供有益的参考。嵩箕地区铝土矿的Al_2O_3含量与TiO_2、Zr和Nb含量呈正相关关系,这可用于初步评价铝土矿中的Ti、Zr及Nb是否达到矿化。