| 碳酸盐岩裂缝研究进展及发展趋势 |
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| 引用本文： | 李长海,赵伦,刘波,李建新,陈烨菲,张宇.碳酸盐岩裂缝研究进展及发展趋势[J].地质科技通报,2021,40(4):31-48. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李长海 赵伦 刘波 李建新 陈烨菲 张宇 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技重大专项2017ZX05030-002国家科技重大专项2017ZX05005-003-005国家自然科学基金集成项目U19B6003 |
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| 摘 要： | 裂缝对碳酸盐岩储层油气产能有重要的影响。在总结碳酸盐岩裂缝的分类、成因、主控因素、识别与预测等方面的基础上，认为对非构造缝的分类、命名及其含义仍存在较大争议。裂缝成因主要包括构造作用、成岩作用、异常高压作用、剥蚀作用和风化作用。粒度和孔隙度对构造缝发育的影响机理有待进一步深入研究。沉积相对构造缝发育有一定的影响，但同一沉积相内岩性组成复杂，难以准确揭示裂缝发育的影响机理。直接研究岩性对裂缝发育影响更利于揭示裂缝形成机理。基于成岩演化序列对裂缝进行研究可明确裂缝形成时的岩石特征，为深入讨论构造缝发育的主控因素提供了基础。层间缝、缝合线、异常高压缝和溶蚀缝等非构造缝发育的主控因素有待进一步深入研究。近几年地震技术识别裂缝突破不大，非常规测井识别裂缝领域以声波远探测技术发展最快。常规测井识别裂缝一直是研究的热点问题，不同学者提出了40余种裂缝识别方法。测井、地震信息裂缝预测法预测结果可靠性高，是目前主流的裂缝预测技术。规范裂缝分类、梳理裂缝成因、深化构造缝发育机理研究、加强非构造缝主控因素探讨、提高常规测井裂缝识别率、综合现有不同裂缝预测技术预测裂缝是下一步裂缝研究的重要发展方向。
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| 关 键 词： | 碳酸盐岩 裂缝 分类成因 主控因素 识别预测 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-10-17 |
Research status and development trend of fractures in carbonate reservoir |
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| Abstract: | Fractures have a great impact on the oil and gas production of carbonate reservoirs.Much previous research have been done on the classification, genesis, controlling factors, identification and prediction of fractures in carbonate reservoirs.It is concluded that the classification, nomenclature and the meaning of some non-structural fractures are still controversial.The causes of fractures include tectonism, diagenesis, abnormal high pressure, denudation and weathering.The mechanism of grain size and porosity on the development of structural fractures still needs further study.Sedimentary facies has a certain influence on the development of structural fractures, but the lithology of the same sedimentary facies is complex, thus it is difficult to accurately reveal the formation mechanism of fracture development.Direct study on the influence of lithology on fracture development is more significant to reveal the fracture formation mechanism.The study of fractures based on diagenetic evolution sequence provides a basis for further discussion of controlling mechanism of rock on the fracture development.The controlling factors of the development of non-structural fractures such as bedding-parallel fractures, stylolites, abnormal high pressure fractures and dissolution fractures need to be further studied.In recent years, seismic has made little breakthrough in the field of fracture identification, and acoustic far detection technology has become the most potential technology in the field of unconventional logging.Fracture identification by conventional logging has always been the hot issue, and more than 40 different methods have been proposed by previous workers.Fracture prediction by using logging and seismic has the best reliability and it is the mainstream fracture prediction technology at present.Standardizing fracture classification, sorting out fracture genesis, deepening the study of the formation mechanism of structural fracture, strengthening the discussion of controlling factors of non-structural fracture, improving the fracture recognition rate of conventional well logging and predicting reservoir fracture by integrating existing fracture prediction technology are the important development directions of fracture research in the future. |
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