| 中国荒野地空间识别及时空演变 |
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| 引用本文： | 马力,潘竟虎.中国荒野地空间识别及时空演变[J].地球信息科学,2023,25(2):324-339. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马力 潘竟虎 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(42071216);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA145) |
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| 摘 要： | 在生态危机日益严峻和生态文明建设日益加快的背景下,中国特殊的区域差异与自然环境限制了人口的均匀分布与社会经济全空间布局,形成了面积大、分布广的荒野地(Wilderness Areas,WAs)。客观、准确界定荒野地的空间范围并分析其时空演变格局,对于开展资源环境承载力评价、生物多样性保护、国家公园与生态安全屏障建设等具有重要意义。当前,对荒野地面积、分布特征与时空演变格局等研究少有定论。本文以2000、2010、2020年多源空间数据为基础,从决定和影响的角度出发,构建荒野地多要素识别模型,对中国荒野地空间范围进行界定,分析其地理分布特征及时空演变格局。研究结果表明:(1)基于多源空间数据,通过建立荒野地决定-影响的耦合关系模型,可准确、有效地识别中国荒野地空间范围;(2)中国荒野地在空间上呈现大范围集中分布,小区域零散分布的状态,3个时期荒野地总面积分别为344.18、297.67、279.86万km2,主要分布在西藏、新疆、青海、内蒙古、黑龙江等省区;(3)中国荒野地面积大部分来源于草地和未利用地,2000—2020年,荒野地面积呈现出逐渐减少的趋势,且200...
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| 关 键 词： | 荒野地 无人区 空间识别 自然保护地 国家公园 时空格局 中国 温湿指数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-08 |
Spatial Identification and Temporal-spatial Evolution of Wilderness Areas in China |
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| MA Li,PAN Jinghu.Spatial Identification and Temporal-spatial Evolution of Wilderness Areas in China[J].Geo-information Science,2023,25(2):324-339. |
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| Authors: | MA Li PAN Jinghu |
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| Affiliation: | College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China |
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| Abstract: | There are not only significant regional differences in China, but also great differences in natural conditions and human environment. In the context of the increasingly serious ecological crisis and the accelerated construction of ecological civilization, China's special regional differences and natural and humanistic environment limit the even distribution and orderly development of population and the overall spatial layout of social economy, which leads to large, widely distributed Wilderness Areas (WAs). Wilderness plays an important role in carrying out the evaluation of resources and environmental carrying capacity, ensuring the long-term existence of biodiversity, dealing with human-land relationship, and building national parks and ecological security barriers. Therefore, it is particularly important to objectively and accurately define the spatial distribution range of WAs and analyze its temporal and spatial evolution pattern. At present, there are few studies on the area, distribution, characteristics, and spatiotemporal evolution pattern of WAs. Based on the multi-source spatial data in 2000, 2010, and 2020, from the perspective of decision-making and influence, this paper took climate comfort and topographic relief as the decision-making indexes, and the human influence degree as well as remoteness as impact indexes to construct a multi-factor identification model of wilderness, defined the spatial scope of WAs in China, and analyzed its geographical distribution characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution pattern. The results show that: (1) Based on multi-source spatial data, selecting the suitability index system and establishing the coupled WAs determination-influence relationship approach can accurately and effectively identify and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of WAs in China; (2) In China, the WAs were distributed centrally in a large scale and dispersed in small areas in space. The total area of WAs in these three periods was 3.4418 million km2, 2.9767 million km2, and 2.7986 million km2, respectively, mainly distributed in Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and other provinces; (3) From 2000 to 2020, most of China's WAs came from grasslands and unused land, and its area showed a downward trend with a larger reduction rate in 2000—2010 than that in 2010—2020; (4) Most of the nature reserves and the first batch of national parks were distributed in the WAs. Tibet was the area that was protected most, followed by Xinjiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and so on. In 2020, the protected area of WAs reached 632 100 km2, accounting for 69.32 % of the total area of nature reserves. |
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| Keywords: | wilderness areas unpopulated areas spatial identification nature reserve national park spatial and temporal patterns China THI |
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