| 新疆绿洲变化与资源配置协调性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 庄庆威,吴世新,罗格平,杨怡,牛雅萱,谢聪慧,李天鹤.新疆绿洲变化与资源配置协调性分析[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(5):1298-1306. |
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| 作者姓名： | 庄庆威 吴世新 罗格平 杨怡 牛雅萱 谢聪慧 李天鹤 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲国家重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011； 2 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；3 山东省国土测绘院，山东，济南，250102 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A 类）“生态文明建设地理图景技术与应用示范”项目（XDA23100000）；国家科技基础资源调 查专项课题（2017FY101004）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 绿洲是干旱区最重要的人地关系地域系统，绿洲面积的扩张给资源配置的协调性带来了巨 大的挑战。以新疆各绿洲为研究单元，运用 GIS 技术和数理统计方法对新疆 1990—2015 年绿洲面 积变化的时序特征和空间差异进行分析，通过计算研究区水资源负载指数、单位面积耕地水资源弹 性指数、人口弹性指数和经济弹性指数，探讨新疆绿洲变化的资源配置协调性。结果表明：（1）新 疆绿洲面积呈扩大趋势，扩张速度呈现出明显的波动性和阶段性特征。（2）绿洲面积扩张与单位面 积耕地水资源变化的协调关系以绿洲扩张为主，各地区单位面积耕地水资源占有量不断减少。（3） 新疆绿洲面积扩张与人口增长的协调性指数都小于 1，各地区人口增长速度大于绿洲面积扩张速 度，绿洲面积扩张与人口增长的协调性较低。（4）新疆 4 个研究区各个时期的经济弹性指数均大于 1，说明新疆经济发展速度高于绿洲面积扩张速度，其中，天山北坡对新疆经济发展贡献最大。
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| 关 键 词： | 绿洲扩张 水资源 人口 资源配置 新疆 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-12-09 |
Changes in oasis and coordination of resource allocation in Xinjiang |
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| ZHUANG Qing-wei,WU Shi-xin,LUO Geping,YANG Yi,NIU Ya-xuan,XIE Cong-hui,LI Tian-he.Changes in oasis and coordination of resource allocation in Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(5):1298-1306. |
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| Authors: | ZHUANG Qing-wei WU Shi-xin LUO Geping YANG Yi NIU Ya-xuan XIE Cong-hui LI Tian-he |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China；
3 Shandong Provincial Institute of Land Surveying and mapping, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China |
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| Abstract: | An oasis is defined as the most important regional system of human-land interaction in arid regions. Rap? id oasis expansion stimulates socioeconomic development; however, it can lead to negative impacts that threaten re? gional food security, ecological construction, and resource sustainability, including cropland and habitat loss and biodiversity reduction. Although some studies on the coordination of oasis resource allocation have been conducted, research on the coordination of resource allocation by oasis as background data is not enough. Xinjiang is the core area of the“Global Belt and Road”economic belt, which consists of a mountain-oasis-desert ecosystem in the arid regions of China. This study used GIS technology and statistical methods to analyze the time series characteristics and spatial differences of the Xinjiang oasis based on long-term serial spatial distribution data and statistical data on the relationship between the distribution and consumption of water resources, population growth, and economic development. The results of this study indicate that oasis area to total area ratio in Xinjiang increased year by year, with the areas of oasis expanding steadily. The oasis areas in different regions were very different, as were the annu? al expansion rates. Expansion speed showed obvious volatility and stage characteristics. In the two periods analyzed, 2000-2005 and 2010-2015, the oasis expansion speed in various regions appeared to have two peaks. The coordina? tion relationship between oasis area expansion and changes in water resources per unit of cultivated land was domi? nated by oasis expansion, and the water resources per unit area of cultivated land decreased. This indicates that the pressure on water resources brought about by oasis expansion was not optimal. The coordination index of oasis area expansion and population growth in all regions of Xinjiang was less than 1. Among these areas, northern Xinjiang had the highest coordination, the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains had the second highest, and eastern Xin? jiang had the lowest coordination. In theory, a population elasticity index of 1 indicates that an oasis area grows in sync with the population, which is the best state of the oasis expansion mode. However, the population growth rate was usually greater than the oasis expansion speed. The population growth rates in various regions of Xinjiang were much greater than the oasis area expansion rate, and the coordination between oasis area expansion and population growth was low. The economic elasticity index of each of the four research districts in Xinjiang was greater than 1, indicating that Xinjiang's economic development rate was greater than that of the oasis area. Among these areas, the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains contributed the most to the Xinjiang’s economic development. Based on these results, we propose several measures to optimize resource allocation to help Xinjiang oasis research change from quantitative to qualitative. These measures include improving water resource utilization efficiency, enhancing transportation capacity, and actively developing secondary and tertiary industries. |
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| Keywords: | oasis expansion water resource population resource allocation Xinjiang |
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