Fluid inclusitions and stable isotopes study of Maocaoping vein Cu deposit in Lanping basin, western Yunnan.
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摘要: 兰坪盆地西缘发育一条重要的脉状Cu矿带,矿床的成矿流体来源一直存在较大的争议。本次研究对该矿带南段新发现的茅草坪矿床进行流体包裹体和H-O-C-S同位素研究,结合前人发表的该矿带矿床的同位素数据,探讨矿床成矿流体特征和来源。茅草坪矿床早(A1脉)、晚(A2脉)两期含矿石英脉中的流体包裹体均为含CO2盐水包裹体,可细分为含石盐子晶、富液相(水溶液相)、富气相(CO2相)包裹体等不同类型。根据流体包裹体的共生特点,将其划分为3组包裹体组合:(1)第I组,出现在A1脉石英中,为富液相(I-W型)、富气相(I-C型)和含石盐子晶(I-S型)包裹体共生;(2)第Ⅱ组,同样出现在A1脉石英中,为富液相(Ⅱ-W型)和富气相(Ⅱ-C型)包裹体共生;(3)第Ⅲ组,出现在A2脉石英中,为富液相(Ⅲ-W型)和富气相(Ⅲ-C型)包裹体共生。测温结果显示:I-S型包裹体均一温度在293~370℃之间,流体盐度为30.06%~39.76% NaCleqv;Ⅱ-W型包裹体均一温度在302~490℃之间,流体盐度为1.23%~18.63% NaCleqv;Ⅲ-W型包裹体均一温度在263~400℃之间,流体盐度为1.20%~11.34% NaCleqv。同一组内,包裹体气/液相比高度变化,表明包裹体捕获时的流体呈不均一态,此时包裹体均一温度中低值部分近似代表该组包裹体真实的捕获温度。因此,从I组到Ⅲ组,包裹体分别捕获于280~320℃(I组、Ⅱ组)和260~280℃(Ⅲ组),结合盐度数据,反应初始成矿流体发生沸腾作用,伴随石盐子晶析出,流体盐度下降,随后温度降低。茅草坪矿床成矿流体富CO2的特点与区域内其他脉状Cu矿床一致,但盐度明显偏高。矿床热液石英的δDV-SMOW值变化在-94.6‰~-56.2‰之间,计算的流体的δ18OV-SMOW值集中在+8.1‰~+9.6‰之间,与区域其他脉状Cu矿床相似,数据主要落在原生岩浆水区域的下方,表明流体来源于岩浆水,但经历了开放系统下的脱气作用,没有盆地流体或大气降水的贡献;热液碳酸盐方解石的δ13CV-PDF值为-8.3‰~-2.4‰,δ18OV-SMOW值为14.46‰~16.63‰,与区域其他脉状Cu矿床的C-O同位素组成相似,但C同位素组成明显低于区域脉状Pb-Zn矿床(碳主要来自盆地流体溶解的碳酸盐岩);黄铜矿的δ34SV-CDT值变化于-6.4‰~-3.9‰之间,处于区域其他脉状Cu矿床的S同位素组成范围内,但区别于区域砂岩型Cu矿床(硫来自硫酸盐的细菌还原作用)。因此,推测矿床的CO2和硫可能也来自脱气的岩浆。茅草坪脉状Cu矿床成矿流体的研究表明:兰坪盆地西缘脉状Cu矿床成矿流体可能来自富CO2、经历脱气的岩浆水,没有大气降水和盆地卤水的参与。Abstract: An important vein Cu ore belt occurs in the western border of Lanping basin, western Yunnan, China. The origin of the ore-forming fluid of the deposit has been under great controversy. This paper investigates the fluid inclusions and H-O-C-S isotope in Maocaoping vein Cu deposit newly discovered in the southern section of the mine belt. Combining previous published isotopic data of the deposits in the mineralized belt, this paper discusses the features and source of the ore-forming fluid. Fluid inclusions in the ore-bearing quartz vein of the earlier (A1 vein) or the later (A2 vein) period are both CO2-bearing saline aqueous inclusions, which can be subdivided into halite-bearing inclusions, liquid-richen (aqueous phase) inclusions and vapor-richen (CO2 phase) inclusions. In accordance with the symbiotic characteristics, fluid inclusions can be divided into three groups of assemblages. (1) group I, appearing in A1 vein, which is enriched in liquid (type I-W),vapor (type I-C) and contains halite (type I-S); (2) group Ⅱ, appearing in A1 vein as well, is a paragenetic association enriched in liquid (type Ⅱ-W) and vapor(type Ⅱ-C); (3) group Ⅲ, appearing in A2 vein, is enriched inliquid (type Ⅲ-W) and vapor (typeⅢ-C). Micro-thermometric data of the fluid inclusions shows:Homogenization temperatures of type I-S range from 293 to 370℃ with salinity of 30.06%~39.76% NaCleqv; Homogenization temperatures of type Ⅱ-W range from 302 to 490℃ with salinity of 1.23%~18.63% NaCleqv; Homogenization temperatures of type Ⅲ-W range from 263 to 400℃ with salinity of 1.20%~11.34% NaCleqv. Within the same group, the vapor/liquid ratio varies greatly, which implies an inhomogeneity of the trapping fluid. In this case, the lowest value of the homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusion represents the real temperature of trapping. Therefore, inclusions are captured in temperature ranging from 280 to 320℃ (group I and Ⅱ) and from 260 to 280℃ (group Ⅲ). Combining the salinity data, it suggests the boiling of the initial fluid. With the halite precipitation, salinity of fluid decreased and then so did the temperature. The characteristics of fluid inclusions enriched in CO2 in Maocaoping deposit consistent with other vein deposits in the regional area, while its salinity is definitely higher. Similar to other vein Cu deposits in this regional area, the values of δDV-SMOW and δ18OV-SMOW in the fluid of hydrothermal quartz are respectively -94.6‰ to -56.2‰ and +7.1‰ to +8.6‰, with data mainly falling in the field that below the primary magmatic water. Such results indicate that fluid is derived from degassed (in open system) magmatic water, with no contribution from basinal or meteoric water; The δ13CV-PDF and δ18OV-SMOW of hydrothermal carbonate calcite are respectively -8.3‰ to -2.4‰ and 14.46‰~16.63‰, which are similar to other vein Cu deposits in regional area. But values of δ13CV-PDF of this deposit are lower than the vein Pb-Zn deposits' in the region (carbon mainly from carbonate rock of basin fluid dissolved carbon); The value of δ34SV-CDT of chalcopyrite is -6.4‰ to -3.9‰ that is within the corresponding interval of other vein Cu deposits, but differs from sediment-hosted stratiform Cu deposits (sulfur from sulfate reduction bacteria). Therefore, it indicates that the carbon and sulfur can be derived from (degassed) magma. The study of ore-bearing fluid of Maocaoping vein Cu deposit implies that the ore-bearing fluid of vein Cu deposits in western border of Lanping basin may derived from rich-CO2, (degassed) magmatic water, with no contribution from basinal or meteoric water.
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Key words:
- Fluid inclusion /
- Stable isotopes /
- Maocaoping /
- Vein Cu deposit /
- Lanping basin
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