| 热带气旋登陆华南前后的强降水大尺度环境场特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 王捷纯,江吉喜.热带气旋登陆华南前后的强降水大尺度环境场特征[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(3):288-295. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王捷纯 江吉喜 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家卫星气象中心科研项目;上海市台风研究基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 运用2001年和2002年7个热带气旋 (TC) 登陆华南前后的38个日降水量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及卫星云图, 经普查和分析将TC造成的降水区划分为纬向型、经向型、NE—SW向型3种; 对各型高、中、低层中的主要气象因子作了详细分析, 如高层流场、中层副热带高压、低层急流和切变线或辐合线、整层水汽通量散度以及季风云涌等, 在此基础上归纳概括出了这些降水型各自前24 h的大尺度环境场特征概略模型图, 并对其强降水形成机理尽可能地给出了解释, 为TC登陆前后的超短期降水预报提供某种参考方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 热带气旋 (TC) 环境场因子 强降水 概略模型图 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-08-02 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-11-23 |
Large-scale Environmental Characteristics of Heavy Rainfall Before and After Tropical Cyclone Landing in South China |
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| Wang Jiechun,Jiang Jixi.Large-scale Environmental Characteristics of Heavy Rainfall Before and After Tropical Cyclone Landing in South China[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2006,17(3):288-295. |
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| Authors: | Wang Jiechun Jiang Jixi |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 1000812.National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | In order to develop some operational forecasting methods in the period of 24 hours for precipitation before and after tropical cyclones landing in South China, the analysis of the relationship between the environmental factors and the rain field is made, using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, satellite cloud images and 38 daily precipitation data of 7 tropical cyclones. The regions with daily rainfall amount over 10 mm are selected, especially those areas exceeded 50 mm rainfall caused by TC which are divided into three types: zonal, meridional and NE—SW orientated kinds. The detail analysis on the main meteorological factors related to the heavy rainfall is done by means of diagnosis and statistical methods. The relationship between streamline field and rainfall distribution, the effect of different subtropical high intensity and position, the function of the jet and wind shear at low-level on rainfall zones and the function of the all moisture flux convergence and monsoon cloud surge and so on are investigated. The result indicates that before and after tropical cyclones landing in South China, the rainfall distribution and intensity in 24 hours relate closely to meteorological factors such as streamline field at upper level, the subtropical high at middle level, the low-level jet, the low-level wind shear, the moisture flux convergence, the monsoon cloud surge and so on. On the other hand, the different allocation of these factors leads to different types of rainfall region and different precipitation intensity. The main characteristics of the zonal model can be described as the follows: the subtropical high's position at middle level is more westward, low-level wind shear connects to the center of tropical cyclone, and an easterly jet or southeasterly jet is around tropical cyclone; southwest monsoon cloud surge is northeastward; a divergent center on the west or the south to the tropical cyclone at the upper level streamline field. And the main pointsof meridional model are like these: subtropical high position at middle level is more eastward and its western edge is with a square figure; a wind sheer line is in the direction of N—S or NE—SW through the tropical cyclone center, and a northwestward or northward low-level jet is at eastern side; southwest monsoon cloud surge moves to tropical cyclone; a middle-level trough in westerlies or a subtropical jet is with an N—S axis next to the tropical cyclone at western side. As to the NE—SW orientated type, the subtropical high position is more eastward and its intensity is weaker; a trough in the westerlies at middle level moves towards tropical cyclone, the low-level wind shear line through the center of tropical cyclone is in the direction of NE—SW, a northeastward low-level jet is on the southeastern side. The conceptual models according to the above relationship between the large-scale environmental characteristics and rain field are summarized. Also, some physical causes of the heavy rainfall formation in each are explained. The result may provide a referable method for the very short-range rainfall prediction before and after tropical cyclone's landfall. |
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| Keywords: | tropical cyclone environmental factor heavy rainfall conceptual model |
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