| 模拟低温下主产品种猕猴桃结果母枝冻害指标 |
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| 引用本文： | 李化龙,王景红,张维敏,柏秦凤,潘宇鹰,张焘,权文婷,郭建平.模拟低温下主产品种猕猴桃结果母枝冻害指标[J].应用气象学报,2021,32(5):618-628. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李化龙 王景红 张维敏 柏秦凤 潘宇鹰 张焘 权文婷 郭建平 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.陕西省农业遥感与经济作物气象服务中心, 西安 710015 |
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| 摘 要： | 越冬冻害是猕猴桃的主要气象灾害，为探讨低温对猕猴桃的伤害机理，建立猕猴桃越冬冻害指标体系，2020年12月—2021年2月利用MSX-2F霜箱系统模拟越冬期低温过程，采用组织褐变率、细胞伤害率等参数对结果母枝冻害特征进行定量描述，通过冻害指数与低温的Logistic关系模型，研究6个主栽品种结果母枝冻害特征。结果表明:结果母枝主芽半致死温度以海沃德最低，为-16.5 ℃，瑞玉、徐香、金福居中，分别为-14.8 ℃，-14.9 ℃和-14.2 ℃，翠香、红阳较高，分别为-13.4 ℃，-13.8 ℃。-16 ℃~-10 ℃低温主要影响结果母枝主芽活性，-16 ℃为主芽受冻向副芽受冻的转折点，低于-18 ℃对主、副芽活性均有伤害，-20 ℃以下低温可造成结果母枝大量死亡。品种间抗冻性能，以海沃德最强，瑞玉、金福、徐香居中，翠香、红阳最弱。以结果母枝芽冻害指数为主要参数，构建6个主产品种猕猴桃结果母枝5级低温冻害指标，对应类型和温度阈值如下:1级为轻度减产型，-11.0 ℃~-10.5 ℃；2级为中度减产型，-14.5 ℃~-10.5 ℃；3级为重度减产型，-16.5 ℃~-12.0 ℃；4级为绝收型，-20.0 ℃~-13.5 ℃；5级为致死型，-20.0 ℃~-15.0 ℃。
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| 关 键 词： | 猕猴桃 低温胁迫 结果母枝 半致死温度 冻害指标 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-06 |
Freezing Injury Index of Kiwifruit Branches for Main Varieties Under Simulated Low Temperature |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crop, Xi'an 7100152.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | Low temperature freezing injury is the main meteorological disaster affecting the yield and quality of kiwifruit in China. To explore the damage mechanism of low temperature stress on kiwifruit and establish the indices of kiwifruit overwintering freezing injury, the impacts on fruit parent branches of kiwifruit are investigated by simulating natural freezing injury process with MSX-2F artificial simulated frost box system. Growth recovery method, tissue browning method, cell freezing point temperature method and cell membrane damage rate method are used to describe the characteristics of freezing injury quantitatively. By establishing the logistic analysis model of the relationship between freezing injury index and low temperature, the characteristics of freezing injury of 6 varieties are studied systematically. The results show that the response of different varieties to low temperature are significantly different. The supercooling point of Ruiyu and Hayward are lower, which are -3.4 ℃ and -3.2 ℃, respectively. The supercooling point of Xuxiang, Jinfu and Cuixiang are basically similar, which are -2.0 ℃, -1.7 ℃ and -1.7 ℃, respectively. The supercooling point of Hongyang is the highest, which is -1.4 ℃. The half-lethal temperature of buds of Hayward (-16.5 ℃) is the lowest. The half-lethal temperature of Ruiyu (-14.8 ℃), Xuxiang (-14.9 ℃) and Jinfu (-14.2 ℃) is intermediate. And the half-lethal temperature of Cuixiang (-13.4 ℃) and Hongyang (-13.8 ℃) are the highest. The differences in the degree and site of injury caused by different intensities of low temperature are significant. The freezing injury caused by -16 ℃ to -10 ℃ mainly affects the activity of the main bud of the resulting parent shoot. When the temperature is below -18 ℃, the low temperature damages the activity of main and secondary buds. And when the temperature is below -20 ℃, a large number of parent shoots are killed by low temperature injury. Among varieties, the frost resistance of Hayward is the strongest, Ruiyu, Jinfu and Xuxiang are the middle, and Cuixiang and Hongyang are the weakest. Taking the freezing injury index of the resulting parent branch bud as the main parameter, the 5-grade low temperature freezing injury index of the resulting parent branch is constructed by different varieties. Its freezing temperature ranges of level 1-5 are -11.0 ℃ to -10.5 ℃, -14.5 ℃ to -10.5 ℃, -16.5 ℃ to -12.0 ℃, -20.0 ℃ to -13.5 ℃, -20.0 ℃ to -15.0 ℃, respectively. |
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