| 银川枸杞炭疽病发生的气象指标研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘静,张宗山,张立荣,沈瑞清.银川枸杞炭疽病发生的气象指标研究[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(3):333-341. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘静 张宗山 张立荣 沈瑞清 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业大学, 北京 100094 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部社会公益研究项目
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科技部农业科技成果转化基金
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中国气象局科技攻关项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了研究宁夏枸杞炭疽病发生机理及发生气象条件, 2004年, 在实验室接种并置于人工气候箱内研究了枸杞叶、花、青果、红果侵染的环境气象条件和指标。2004—2005年, 在枸杞大田接种并人工设置不同降水量和降水持续时间, 诱发出不同程度的炭疽病, 研究了其发生与流行的气象条件和基于常规气象资料的农业气象指标。根据宁夏主要产区1971—2000年多年气象资料, 反演了各地历年各级病害的发生程度和发生时间。结果表明:宁夏每年都有适合发生不同程度枸杞炭疽病的气象条件, 主要发生时段出现在7月上旬至9月上旬, 7月下旬至8月底70%的年份出现了适合炭疽病发生的气象条件, 夏果最后3批果的采收期往往容易产生炭疽病。6月老眼果采收期, 此时气象条件不利于病菌发展。8月中、下旬的炭疽病发病率高。秋果产量低而不稳的最主要原因可能不仅是秋季热量不足, 更重要的可能是炭疽病造成的落花、落蕾使秋果形成减少所致。
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| 关 键 词： | 枸杞 炭疽病 暴发流行 指标 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-11-22 |
Climatic Characteristics of Disease by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz on China Wolfberry in Yinchuan |
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| Liu Jing,Zhang Zongshan,Zhang Lirong,Shen Ruiqing.Climatic Characteristics of Disease by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz on China Wolfberry in Yinchuan[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2008,19(3):333-341. |
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| Authors: | Liu Jing Zhang Zongshan Zhang Lirong Shen Ruiqing |
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| Affiliation: | 1.China Agricultural University, Beijing 1000942.Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 7500023.Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Yinchuan 750002 |
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| Abstract: | The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz is a fatal disease in Ningxia wolfberries, by which heavy economicloss is caused by deeply influencing its quality and yield. As an original habitat, it is very important to understand the biological characters of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz, as well as its meteorological conditions and climate rules, so as to release the hazard of disease by decreasing the yield loss and the quality decline by means of effective and timely prevention and cure. After separating and breeding, effects of environmental conditions on the mycelia growth, sporulation, conidial germination of Collectotrichum gloeosporioides Penz are studied and its lethal temperature is detected by controllable climate boxes in 2004. The problems of the mycelia growth, number of sporulation and conidial germination in connection with different temperature, humidity, pH, carbon resource, nitrogen resource are obtained. The suitable and limited temperature and humidity index on every growth and sporulation stage is also set up.Based on meteorological conditions and its indexes on invaded Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz into branches of Lycium barbarum L, which are collected into laboratory and grow on the field during the growing season in 2004 and 2005, it is obtained that those meteorological conditions and indexes are the cause of the invasion and expansion by different amount of rainfall supply. According to perennial climatic data in the main planting areas, the status and time of disease of Lycium barbarum L caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz have been simulated in each year from 1971 to 2000 in Ningxia.The results show that the suitable temperatures for mycelia growth are 22—31℃, the maximum and the minimum temperatures are 10℃ and 37℃ respectively. The same is for sporulation, but it is not for conidial germination whose suitable temperatures are 16—37℃ and extremum values are 10℃ and 40℃. The lethal temperature is 50℃, much different from the former researchers. The limit humidity for conidial germination is lower than 80% and the suitable one is upper 90%. The invasion of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz to the leaf, flower and fruit is suitable under the temperatures of 28—32℃. The lower and the upper temperatures are 20℃ and 35℃ respectively. The injection experiments under different amount of precipitations in the field show that 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm are indexes that cause Lycium barbarum L anthracnose occurrence, diffuseness, popularity and expansion respectively.Suitable climatic condition for anthracnose occurrence of different degrees almost appears every year in growing season, mainly from middle July to early September.The frequency is over 70% that the conditions suitable for anthracnose occurrence are from the end of July to the end of August in the total 30 years, especially in the period of last three times of fruit gathering in the summer-fruit crown season. The climatic conditions in early June aren't suitable for the development of anthracnose and the highest incidence rate of disease is in August. The main cause that results in the lower and unstable yield in autumn may not be the inadequate of heat resource, but the destructive disease by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. The severe anthracnose occurs in the middle of 1970s, early and middle of 1990s in the 20th century. However, the relatively slight diseases appear in late 1980s and 1990s in the 20th century, but individual heavy diseases also happen in those period. By means of investigation, the results are true which indicates that meteorological indexes obtained through experiments are reliable. |
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