| 云内大粒子对闪电活动影响的个例模拟 |
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| 引用本文： | 王飞,董万胜,张义军,马明.云内大粒子对闪电活动影响的个例模拟[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(5):564-570. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王飞 董万胜 张义军 马明 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国气象科学研究院雷电物理和防护工程实验室, 北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重大基础研究项目，国家自然科学基金项目，中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金，中国气象局气象新技术推广项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用三维云起电放电模式, 通过对2008年9月6日北京地区一次雷暴过程的模拟, 研究了云内雨滴、冰晶、霰和雹4种粒子对云内闪电活动的直接影响。对比几种主要冰相粒子比质量浓度的分布变化与模拟闪电开始发生高度的关系, 并分析几种冰相粒子所带电量变化率的时空变化特征后发现:霰和冰晶是对云内闪电发生作用最为重要的两种粒子; 雹粒子对闪电发生作用有限; 雨滴则对于主电荷区附近闪电发生没有直接影响。模拟结果表明:在实际观测中出现的雷达强回波达到某个高度之上可以预警闪电发生的现象, 主要是由于霰粒子在一定高度之上与冰晶之间发生强烈的电荷分离, 从而使云内电场迅速增强, 并最终引发闪电而导致的。
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| 关 键 词： | 三维云起电放电模式 比质量浓度 电量变化率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-10-06 |
Case Study of Big Particles Effect on Lightning Initiation in Clouds Using Model |
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| Wang Fei,Dong Wansheng,Zhang Yijun and Ma Ming.Case Study of Big Particles Effect on Lightning Initiation in Clouds Using Model[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2009,20(5):564-570. |
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| Authors: | Wang Fei Dong Wansheng Zhang Yijun and Ma Ming |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 1000812.GraduateUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 |
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| Abstract: | A thunderstorm process in Beijing on 20 September 2008 is simulated using a 3-D charging-discharging cloud model. The effects of big particles consisting of graupels, ices, hails and raindrops on lightning initiation are investigated. Temporal and spatial analysis on the model results, including the mass concentration and the charging velocity, shows that graupels and ices are the most important particles that affect the initiation of most lightning. Because lightning always initiate in the region with mass distribution of graupels and ices. The charging velocities of graupels and ices also reach large values there. From the analysis of time series, those large charging velocities of graupels and ices appear when lightning initiate intensively. Hails may also be an important factor effecting the lightning initiation except for the early stage of lightning activity. The region of lightning initiation correlates partially with the mass contribution of hails. The period when the charging velocities of hails reach their large values chimes with the lightning activity. But hails meet their large values below the height of lightning initiation. At the early stage of lightning activity , the mass concentration of hails is very small. Raindrops locates beneath the region of lightning initiation from beginning to end. Their charging velocities become prominent after the end of lightning activity. So it is impossible for raindrops to affect the lightning initiation directly.In many cases, it can be the signal of lightning warning that some kind of strong echo reaches a threshold height. Through the effect of particles on lightning initiation above, it can be concluded that the strong echo should be caused by graupels or hails. When graupels (hails) are brought to the upper level a-bove the threshold height by updraft, graupels (hails) mixed with ices adequately and the strong charging process occurs among them. The first lightning will initiate soon after that. |
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| Keywords: | 3-D charging-discharging cloud model mass concentration charging velocity |
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