| 中国生态脆弱区高温热浪和干旱历史变化特征分析北大核心CSCD |
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| 引用本文： | 尹德震,李芳,林中达.中国生态脆弱区高温热浪和干旱历史变化特征分析北大核心CSCD[J].气候与环境研究,2022,27(5):604-618. |
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| 作者姓名： | 尹德震 李芳 林中达 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院大气物理研究所国际气候与环境科学中心，北京 1000292.中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院，北京 1000493.中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100029 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFA0604804、2017YFA0604302，国家自然科学基金项目41875137，国家重大科技基础设施项目“地球系统数值模拟装置” |
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| 摘 要： | 高温热浪和干旱是影响陆地生态系统最主要的极端天气气候事件。已有关于中国高温热浪和干旱历史变化的定量研究主要针对全国范围、地理分区或单一区域,对于我国生态脆弱区相关极端事件的历史变化特征尚不清楚。本文利用中国CN05.1格点化观测数据集中的日最高气温观测资料和全球逐月标准化降水蒸发指数格点数据,分析了中国典型生态脆弱区1980~2014年发生的高温热浪和干旱的时空变化特征。结果表明:1980~2014年中国生态脆弱区的年高温日数和热浪次数整体呈增加趋势,两者变化趋势的空间分布类似。在空间分布上,高温热浪显著增加的区域主要位于北方生态脆弱区的中部和西部以及南方生态脆弱区的东部。其中,高温热浪增长显著的面积比率在西南岩溶山地石漠化脆弱区最高,在南方农牧脆弱区最低。区域平均来看,除南方农牧脆弱区较少发生高温热浪外,各脆弱区高温日数和热浪次数均呈现增加趋势,且除北方农牧林草区外,其余脆弱区增加趋势显著。北方生态脆弱区高温和热浪的发生频率和年际变化在20世纪90年代中期起均迅速增加。此外,中国生态脆弱区东部多呈现变干趋势且中等和极端干旱发生月数增多,其余地区则多变湿且极端干旱发生月数减少;区域平均来看,除西南岩溶山地石漠化脆弱区区域平均的干旱发生月数呈现显著增加趋势以外,其他区域的干湿和干旱发生月数的变化趋势小且不显著。
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| 关 键 词： | 中国生态脆弱区 高温热浪 干旱 趋势 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-02-28 |
Historical Changes of High Temperature,Heat Waves,and Drought in Ecological Fragile Zones in China |
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| Dezhen YIN,Fang LI,Zhongda LIN.Historical Changes of High Temperature,Heat Waves,and Drought in Ecological Fragile Zones in China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2022,27(5):604-618. |
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| Authors: | Dezhen YIN Fang LI Zhongda LIN |
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| Affiliation: | 1.International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000292.College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000493.State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 |
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| Abstract: | High temperatures (HT), heat waves (HW), and droughts are the most important extreme weather and climate events affecting terrestrial ecosystems. Previous research focused on their changes in the whole of China, regions based on geographical divisions, or a single region in China. The historical changes of the extreme events in ecologically fragile zones (EFZs) in China still remain under debate. This study analyzes the spatial?temporal changes in HT, HW, and drought in the EFZs in China between 1980 and 2014 using observational daily maximum surface air temperature and monthly standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index datasets. It has been revealed that the frequency of both HT and HW increased between 1980 and 2014 over nearly all EFZs in China, and the long-term trends of HT and HW exhibited similar spatial patterns, with a significant increase in the central and western EFZs of northern China and the eastern EFZs of southern China. The area fraction with a significant increase was the highest in the southwest karst rocky desertification EFZs and the lowest in the southern agriculture and pasture EFZs. All EFZs showed increasing HT and HW frequency except for the southern agriculture and pasture EFZs, and the trends were significant except for the northern agriculture, pasture, forest, and grassland EFZs. In addition, after the mid-1990s, the frequency and interannual variability of HT and HW in the northern EFZs increased rapidly. Moreover, the EFZs in eastern China had a trend of dryness and increased drought events, while the rest of the EFZs had a trend of wetness and decreased extreme drought events, where only the trend of drought events in the southwest karst rocky desertification EFZ is significant. |
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