
“一带一路”技术贸易格局演化研究
Technology trade pattern and change in the Belt and Road region
论文利用2001—2015年国家(地区)间的知识产权贸易额,通过构建全球和“一带一路”技术贸易网络,从技术供给和技术销售层面刻画了“一带一路”技术贸易格局及其动态变化过程,研究发现:① 在“一带一路”内部技术贸易网络中,内部技术进口格局由独联体、中东欧地区主导向东亚地区主导转变,内部技术出口格局由西亚地区“一极主导”向东盟-西亚-东亚“三极主导”格局转变,“一带一路”在内部国家(地区)技术供给链中的地位非常低下,大量的技术需要从外部进口,但“一带一路”作为技术销售市场在内部国家(地区)技术销售链中的地位显著提升;② 在“一带一路”外部技术贸易网络中,外部技术进口格局由东盟向东亚更替,而外部技术出口格局始终由以新加坡为核心的东盟地区主导,“一带一路”在国际技术销售市场中的地位显著提升,但其在国际技术供给链中的地位十分低下;③ 从技术贸易类型上看,内流型国家(地区)占主导,大部分“一带一路”国家(地区)依赖内部技术贸易来实现技术互补,而高技术贸易额国家(地区)大多都为“两头在外”型,“一带一路”区域技术贸易网络尚未形成。
Based on the imports and exports of intellectual property rights between countries (regions) from 2001 to 2015 and by mapping the global (external) and local (internal) technology trade networks, this study examined the technology trade pattern and change of the Belt and Road region from the global and local perspectives. We found that: 1) In the local (internal) technology trade network, internal technology imports pattern has changed from CIS (Commonwealth of the Independent States) and CEU (Central and Eastern Europe countries) dominated to East Asia countries dominated, and internal technology exports pattern has shifted from "one leading pole" of West Asia countries to the "three poles" of countries in ASEAN, West Asia, and East Asia. The Belt and Road region has a very low status in the internal technology supply chain. A large number of technologies need to be imported from the outside, but as a technology sales market, the Belt and Road region has significantly improved its position in the internal technology sales chain. 2) In the global (external) technology trade network, external technology imports pattern has changed from ASEAN dominated to East Asia dominated, and external technology exports pattern was always dominated by the ASEAN region with Singapore at the core. The Belt and Road region has significantly improved its position in the international technology sales market, but its position in the international technology supply chain was always very low. 3) With regard to the types of technology trade, most of the countries along the Belt and Road relied on internal technology trade to achieve technological complementarity, while the technology supply and sales of the countries with high technology trades were mainly relying on the outside. The regional technology trade network of the Belt and Road region has not yet been formed. At the end of the article, we recommend that China should increase its exports of technology to countries along the Belt and Road and build a regional technology cooperation network along the Belt and Road as soon as possible.
一带一路 / 技术贸易网络 / 技术进口 / 技术出口 / 技术贸易类型 {{custom_keyword}} /
the Belt and Road Initiative / technology trade network / technology import / technology export / technology trade type {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 “一带一路”国家(地区)技术贸易类型划分及定义Tab.1 Classification and definition of technology trade types in the Belt and Road region |
类型 | 判别标准 | 定义 |
---|---|---|
完全内流型 | 同时存在技术进口和技术出口行为,但“一带一路”是其唯一技术来源地和技术销售市场 | |
内源型 | 存在技术进口行为,不存在技术出口行为,“一带一路”是其主要技术来源地 | |
内给型 | 存在技术出口行为,不存在技术进口行为,“一带一路”是其主要技术销售市场 | |
内源内给型 | 同时存在技术进口和技术出口行为,但“一带一路”是其主要的技术来源地和技术销售市场 | |
外源内给型 | 同时存在技术进口和技术出口行为,“一带一路”是其主要技术销售市场,但其技术来源主要依靠外部 | |
内源外给型 | 同时存在技术进口和技术出口行为,“一带一路”是其主要技术来源地,但其技术销售主要依靠外部 | |
外源外给型 | 同时存在技术进口和技术出口行为,但其技术来源和技术销售主要依靠外部 | |
完全外流型 | 同时存在技术进口和技术出口行为,但其技术来源和技术销售完全依赖外部 | |
外源型 | 存在技术进口行为,不存在技术出口行为,但其技术来源主要依靠外部 | |
外给型 | 存在技术出口行为,不存在技术进口行为,但其技术销售主要依靠外部 |
图1 2001—2015年分时段全球技术贸易格局的等级层次结构演化 |
表2 2001—2015年“一带一路”国家(地区)技术贸易类型划分Tab.2 Classification of technology trade types in the Belt and Road region from 2001 to 2015 |
类型 | 2001—2005年 | 2006—2010年 | 2011—2015年 |
---|---|---|---|
完全内流型 | 越南、哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、阿塞拜疆、黎巴嫩、塔吉克斯坦、格鲁吉亚、叙利亚、阿联酋、蒙古、阿尔巴尼亚、亚美尼亚、巴基斯坦、土库曼斯坦、斯里兰卡 | 阿尔巴尼亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、文莱、柬埔寨、格鲁吉亚、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、黎巴嫩、中国澳门、摩尔多瓦、蒙古、尼泊尔、阿曼、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、叙利亚、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、乌克兰、乌兹别克斯坦、越南 | 亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、柬埔寨、格鲁吉亚、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、黎巴嫩、中国澳门、马其顿、蒙古、卡塔尔、斯里兰卡、叙利亚、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦 |
内源型 | 马其顿、卡塔尔、科威特、孟加拉国 | 科威特、阿富汗、巴勒斯坦、卡塔尔 | 不丹、科威特、摩尔多瓦、巴勒斯坦 |
内给型 | 约旦、柬埔寨、巴林、伊拉克 | 巴林、孟加拉国 | 巴林、孟加拉国、老挝、缅甸、尼泊尔、阿曼 |
内源内给型 | 塞浦路斯、白俄罗斯 | 白俄罗斯、塞浦路斯、吉尔吉斯斯坦、马其顿、阿联酋 | 白俄罗斯、塞浦路斯、乌克兰、阿拉酋 |
外源内给型 | 乌克兰、塞尔维亚、保加利亚、俄罗斯、斯洛伐克、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、斯洛文尼亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦、克罗地亚、捷克 | 克罗地亚、爱沙尼亚、希腊、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克 | 克罗地亚、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚 |
内源外给型 | — | — | — |
外源外给型 | 罗马尼亚、印度、希腊、匈牙利、爱沙尼亚、伊朗、埃及、中国香港、土耳其、波兰、中国、以色列、新加坡、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、泰国、沙特阿拉伯 | 中国、捷克、埃及、中国香港、匈牙利、印度、印度尼西亚、伊朗、以色列、马来西亚、菲律宾、波兰、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、新加坡、斯洛文尼亚、泰国、土耳其 | 保加利亚、中国、捷克、埃及、希腊、中国香港、印度、印度尼西亚、伊朗、以色列、约旦、马来西亚、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、波兰、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、新加坡、泰国、土耳其、越南 |
完全外流型 | 摩尔多瓦 | — | — |
外源型 | 缅甸 | — | 文莱 |
外给型 | 尼泊尔 | — | — |
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The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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