| 关中平原典型村落农业转型对生态系统服务的影响研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋静雪,周忠学.关中平原典型村落农业转型对生态系统服务的影响研究[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(3):807-819. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋静雪 周忠学 |
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| 作者单位： | 陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院，陕西 西安 710119 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金( 41271550)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 全球化和城市化驱动农产品市场需求的日益增长正在推动农村和农业的转变与重构，深刻影响着农村经济、社会和生态发展之间的关系。以关中平原典型村落—余家营和马家村为例，研究城市化影响下农业转型对农业生态系统服务产生了何种影响，对探索城乡互动机制、乡村特色农业发展以及生态景观建设等具有重要意义。通过问卷调查，半结构式访谈、野外填图等对余家营村和马家村的土地利用变化及农业生态系统服务进行测评，分析了关中平原农业转型变化及其对农业生态系统服务的影响与机制。结果表明：(1) “粮—粮”和“粮—果”转型使农业景观、种植结构、农户行为等都发生较大变化，在由传统粮食生产向水果、蔬菜、苗木花卉等现代型农业转变过程中，作物品种由低产量、低品质转为高产量、高品质，并更趋多样化；出现少许耕地转变为草地和林地的现象；农户积极性提高，科技水平有所提升。(2) “粮—粮”和“粮—果”转型的生态系统服务均以正服务为主，其中“粮—果”经济生产功能增长较大，增长了523.9%，但“粮—果”转型造成的负向生态系统服务也较高，因此在农业转型中生产经济价值增长越大对生态系统服务的负向影响就越大。（3） 农业转型主要受到城市化、国家政策的驱动，并通过影响农田的农业景观、农业结构、农户行为进而影响农业生态系统服务功能，反之，农业生态系统服务变化也会影响到国家政策以及农户行为。
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| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-24 |
Impact of agricultural transformation of typical
villages in Guanzhong Plain on agro-ecosystem services |
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| SONG Jing-xue,ZHOU Zhong-xue.Impact of agricultural transformation of typical
villages in Guanzhong Plain on agro-ecosystem services[J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(3):807-819. |
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| Authors: | SONG Jing-xue ZHOU Zhong-xue |
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| Affiliation: | School of Geography and Tourism，Shaanxi
Normal University，Xi’an 710119，Shaanxi,China |
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| Abstract: | The increasing demand for agricultural products under
globalization and urbanization is driving the transformation of agriculture.It
is also reshaping the rural,and profoundly affects the relationship between the
economic,social,and ecological development in rural areas.Most domestic and
foreign scholars〖JP8〗’〖JP〗 research on agricultural transformation and ecosystem services focuses on the
effects of land-use change,urbanization,and landscape pattern changes on
ecosystem services.Only a few focus on the process of agricultural
transformation,agricultural ecosystem services,and their interaction
mechanisms.Therefore,exploring the impact of current agricultural transformation
on the agro-ecosystem has a practical significance in urban and rural
development,ecological security construction,and sustainable development in
urban agglomerations.Agro ecosystem services
(i.e.,agricultural multifunctionality) have always been research hotspots in
the fields of geography and ecology and have theoretical significance as they
reveal the relationship between agricultural transformation and agro ecosystem services.This study investigates the effect of
agricultural transformation on agricultural ecosystem services under the
influence of urbanization.Take the Yujiaying and Majia Villages in the
Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi Province,China as an example.It is of great
significance to explore the interactive mechanism between urban and rural development,the
development of specialty agriculture,and the construction of ecological
landscapes.Based on the information of questionnaires,semi-structured
interviews,and field mapping,the agricultural transformation and agro-ecosystem
services were evaluated in the Yujiaying and Majia Villages.The effects and
mechanisms of agricultural transformation on agro-ecosystem services were
analyzed.Results show the following:(1) Under two transformations of grain-to-grain
and grain-to-fruit,the large changes
occur in agricultural landscapes,planting structures,and farmers’ behavior.In the process of the shift from traditional grain
production to modern agriculture,such as planting
fruits,vegetables,seedlings,and flowers,crop species have changed from that having
lower yield and quality to that having higher yield and quality.They are more
diversified and low arable lands are converted into grassland and
woodland.Furthermore,farmers’ enthusiasm improved,and
the agricultural technology improved.(2) The main of the ecosystem services of “grain to grain” and “grain to fruit” transformation are supply
services in positive services,of which the economic production function of “grain to fruit” has increased quickly about
523.9%,but the negative ecosystem services caused by “grain
to fruit” transformation are also higher,so the greater
the economic value growth of production in agricultural transformation,the
greater the negative impact on ecosystem services.(3) Agricultural
transformation is mainly affected by urbanization and national policies.Under
agricultural transformation,the change of agro-ecosystem services is affected
by the agricultural landscape,agricultural structure,and farmers’ behavior.Conversely,these changes would feedback to national
policymaking and farmers’ behavior.This study conducted
a quantitative measurement of agricultural transformation.The coupling
mechanism between agricultural transformation and agro-ecosystem services were
also generalized by analyzing two typical agricultural villages currently
experiencing agricultural transformation.It is significant to identify the
agricultural transformation model in the urban agglomeration of the Guanzhong
Plain to understand the relationship between agricultural development and
ecosystems in the context of globalization and resolve local agriculture
development issues by exerting agro-ecosystem services. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural transformation land use ecosystem service Guanzhong Plain |
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