| 改革开放40 a来新疆土地覆被变化的空间格局与特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈曦,常存,包安明,吴世新,罗格平.改革开放40 a来新疆土地覆被变化的空间格局与特征[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(1):1-11. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈曦 常存 包安明 吴世新 罗格平 |
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| 作者单位： | 1中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐830011；
2中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐830011；
3荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐830011；4中国科学院大学，北京100010 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划子课题（2016YFC0500201） |
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| 摘 要： | 改革开放40 a以来，新疆土地利用和地表覆被发生了巨大变化，在产生巨大社会经济效益的同时，也产生了许多生态与环境问题。为了给未来新疆土地利用、水资源开发及社会经济可持续发展国土空间规划提供依据，通过采用分区分层的决策树方法和向量相似度的变化检测方法，完成了新疆2015年、2010年、2000年、1990年、1975年的土地覆被1∶100 000矢量数据集，准确反演了过去40 a（改革开放40 a）来新疆地表覆被变化过程，分析了新疆土地覆被变化与国家改革开放政策相互关系，从垦荒（1975—1990年）、农业资源开发（1990—2000年）、西部大开发（2000—2010年）、对口援疆（2010—2015年）4个阶段，阐述了国家政策力度和导向对土地覆被变化的影响。分析表明：新疆土地覆被变化由耕地开垦、人工表面增长的高速发展模式开始向兼顾生态文明建设的可持续发展方向转型，各主要地类的变化也由急剧发展转向基本可控。近40 a新疆耕地面积增加了128%（50 414.02 km2），新增耕地依照水土资源配置特征，遵循空间规律分布；人工表面（建设、交通、工矿用地）面积增加了197%（7 497.11 km2），在2000年后增速明显，2010年后南疆增加幅度很大；1990年前林地面积呈现减少趋势，1990年后呈增加的态势，新增林地广泛分布在全疆天然林封育保护范围和天保工程实施区内；湿地1990年前面积减少明显，1990—2000年保持稳定，2000年后呈增加趋势；草地和其他类型的面积呈现持续减少态势。
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| 关 键 词： | 新疆 土地覆被 时空格局 可持续发展 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-24 |
Spatial pattern and characteristics of land cover change in Xinjiang since past 40 years of the economic reform and opening up |
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| CHEN Xi,CHANG Cun,BAO An-ming,WU Shi-xin,LUO Ge-ping.Spatial pattern and characteristics of land cover change in Xinjiang since past 40 years of the economic reform and opening up[J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(1):1-11. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Xi CHANG Cun BAO An-ming WU Shi-xin LUO Ge-ping |
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| Affiliation: | 1 Central Asian Ecology and Environment Research
Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;
2 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese
Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;
3 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis
Ecology,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;
4 University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100010,China |
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| Abstract: | Since the economic reform and opening up 40 years ago,
land use and land cover of Xinjiang, China have undergone tremendous changes. While
generating great socio-economic benefits, many ecological and environmental
issues have also arisen. In order to provide a basis for future Xinjiang’s land use, water resources
development, and socio economic sustainable
development of land and space planning, a partitioned and layered decision tree
method and a vector similarity change detection method were used to complete
the Xinjiang Land Cover 1∶100 000 vector
dataset in 2015,2010,2000,1990,and 1975 in this paper. The evolution of
Xinjiang’s land cover change
over the past 40 years (reform and opening up of China) was analyzed.From the
four stages of reclamation (1975—1990), agricultural
resource development (1990—2000),western
development (2000—2010), and
counterpart assistance to Xinjiang (2010—2015),the paper described
the impact mechanism of national policy on land cover changes. The analysis
showed that the land cover change in Xinjiang has begun to transform from a
high speed development model to
a sustainable development combined the construction of ecological civilization.
The changes of major land types have also shifted from rapid development to
basic controllability. In the past 40 years, the area of cultivated land in
Xinjiang increased by 128% (50 414.02 km2).The new cultivated land
was distributed to the characteristics of water and land resources
distribution. The area of artificial surfaces (construction, transportation, industrial,
mining land) increased by 197% (7 497.11 km2).The growth rate was
obvious accelerated after 2000, and the increase rate in southern Xinjiang
after 2010 was very large; the area of forest land before 1990 showed a
decreasing trend, and it showed an increasing trend after 1990.The newly added
forest land was widely distributed in the natural forest enclosure and within
the implementation area of Xinjiang Natural Forest Protection Project. The area
of wetlands decreased significantly before 1990, remained stable from 1990 to
2000, and showed an increasing trend after 2000.The area of grassland and other
types continued to decrease. |
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| Keywords: | Xinjiang land cover spatial and temporal pattern sustainable development |
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