| 黄土高原半干旱区微尺度乡村人居环境系统 脆弱性测度及时空分异
——以陕西省佳县为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨晴青,高岩辉,杨新军,吴孔森.黄土高原半干旱区微尺度乡村人居环境系统 脆弱性测度及时空分异
——以陕西省佳县为例[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(5):1371-1381. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨晴青 高岩辉 杨新军 吴孔森 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心，陕西 西安 710119； 2 西北大学城市与环境学院， 陕西 西安 710127； 3 西安外国语大学旅游学院·人文地理研究所，陕西 西安 710128 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41771574, 42001202, 41831284） |
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| 摘 要： | 从人地系统脆弱性视角着眼，基于 65 个样本点，451 份入户调查问卷，65 份村庄专题问卷， 运用逼近理想解的排序法等方法探索了佳县 1980—2017 年微尺度乡村人居环境系统的时空分异
过程。结论表明（:
1）乡村人居环境系统脆弱性均值已由 0.66 下降至 0.45，空间差异度由 3.99%大
幅扩大至 15.31%，呈现由空间重度脆弱的均衡状态分化至中低脆弱为主体，24.62%的村庄仍处于 高脆弱状态的格局。（2）居住、自然、社会子系统脆弱性显著减轻，均值分别下降至 0.38、0.42、0.47， 居住子系统仅余 1.54%的高脆弱村庄。支撑、人类系统脆弱性均值保持或上升至 0.54 以上的高位， 高脆弱村庄比重均超过 2 / 3。（3）居住、自然、社会子系统由高脆弱样本村全局覆盖演化至低脆弱 样本村广泛分布，而人类系统呈现由低中脆弱样本村相间分布演化至高度脆弱样本村全局覆盖的时 空格局。支撑系统空间格局动荡，低脆弱等级仅集中分布于交通干线沿线、行政中心驻地样本村。
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| 关 键 词： | 乡村人居环境系统 脆弱性 时空格局 TOPSIS 模型 佳县 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-04 |
Measurement and spatial-temporal differentiation of vulnerability of microscale rural human settlementsin the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau:A case study of Jiaxian County,Shaanxi Province |
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| YANG Qing-qing,GAO Yan-hui,YANG Xin-jun,WU Kong-sen.Measurement and spatial-temporal differentiation of vulnerability of microscale rural human settlementsin the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau:A case study of Jiaxian County,Shaanxi Province[J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(5):1371-1381. |
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| Authors: | YANG Qing-qing GAO Yan-hui YANG Xin-jun WU Kong-sen |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China;2.College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China;3.School of Tourism & Research Institute of Human Geography, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an 710128, Shaanxi, China |
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| Abstract: | Low rainfall, fragile ecology, and economic poverty are typical characteristics of the Loess Plateau. Jia county of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, is a typical county in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, and is the main battle? field for ecological restoration and poverty alleviation in China. Following the theory of human-land system vulnera? bility, using TOPSIS model, this studymeasured the vulnerability value of microscale rural human settlement and natural, dwelling, human, support and social subsystems during the four historical periods from 1980 to 2017 (1980s, 2000, 2008, 2017) based on 65 sample villages, 451 household questionnaires, and 65 thematic question? naires for key village figures. Additionally, the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of vulnerability of rural human settlements in the research area, based on GIS spatial analysis technology, were also discussed,.The study results show the following.(1)The average vulnerability of rural human settlements in the 65 sample villages decreased from 0.66 to 0.45, and the vulnerabilities of dwellings, and natural and social subsystems were significant?
ly reduced, with the mean vulnerability values for dwellings and natural and social subsystems in the 65 sample vil?
lages falling to 0.38, 0.42, and 0.47, respectively.However, the mean value of support and human system vulnerabili? ty in the 65 sample villages remained unchanged or rose above 0.54. (2)Based on the 65 sample villages, the spatial differences of vulnerability of the comprehensive system and the five subsystems of rural human settlements all showed expanding trends with different ranges. Among these, spatial differences of the integrated system and the dwelling subsystem increased by nearly 12 percentage points to 15.31% and 17.88%, respectively. The natural sub? system (30.77%) had the largest spatial difference, followed by the support subsystem (21.61%), both of which in? creased by a factor of two compared to the 1980s. The spatial differences in vulnerability of both human and social subsystems increased slightly, rising by only 3 percentage points since the 1980s. (3)The comprehensive system of rural human settlements has evolved from a uniform distribution of severely vulnerable sample villages to a main dis? tribution of sample villages with medium- and low-vulnerability, and 24.62% of the highly vulnerable sample villag? es existed. Dwelling, natural, and social subsystems all presented similar evolution processes, shifting from a global coverage of high-vulnerability sample villages to a widespread distribution of low-vulnerability sample villages, with only 1.54% of the high- vulnerability villages left in the dwelling subsystem. In contrast, the human subsystem evolved from a main distribution of medium- and low-vulnerability sample villages to a global coverage of high-vul? nerability sample villages. Additionally, thespatial pattern of the support system is unstable,with the low vulnerabili? ty level concentrated in sample villages located along major traffic lines or in the administrative centers of towns. At present, the proportion of high-vulnerabilitysample villages of human and supporting subsystems have both been ex? ceeded two-thirds. Based on the above findings, this study discusses the temporal and spatial process of rural hu? man settlement vulnerability from the micro scale, which better reflects the development and unbalanced character? istics of rural human settlements. Therefore, this paper suggests that future work should not only focus on the vulner? ability of the human and support subsystems, but also on spatial imbalances of the natural, support, and dwelling systems. |
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| Keywords: | rural human settlement vulnerability spatial and temporal pattern TOPSIS model Jiaxian county |
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