| 贵州主要碳酸盐岩含水层污染现状与特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 罗维,杨秀丽,宁黎元,杨荣康,犹俊.贵州主要碳酸盐岩含水层污染现状与特征[J].地球科学,2019,44(9):2851-2861. |
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| 作者姓名： | 罗维 杨秀丽 宁黎元 杨荣康 犹俊 |
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| 作者单位： | 贵州省地质环境监测院, 贵州贵阳 550000 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局地质调查项目1212011121166贵州省科技计划项目黔科合基础[2016]1406黔中城市群综合地质调查DD20190268贵州省公益性基础性地质工作项目黔国土资地环函[2014]23号中国地质调查局地质调查项目1212011121164 |
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| 摘 要： | 岩溶地区地下水环境脆弱，易受人类活动及区域环境变化影响.目前将岩溶水污染与污染点所在区域的地层岩性、水文地质条件等结合起来的研究较少.采用改进后的层级阶梯评价法开展贵州省区域地下水污染评价，并结合实地调查分析污染成因.结果显示二叠系栖霞-茅口组，三叠系下统嘉陵江组、夜郎组等，中统关岭组、杨柳井组等是全省污染程度最高的碳酸盐岩含水层，原因与含水层岩石类型和出露位置密切相关.含水层岩石类型与特点决定了含水介质组合类型、岩溶发育程度和污染途径污染距离，石灰岩地层天然防污能力差，以中远源径流型污染为主，白云岩地层天然防污能力较好，以近源入渗型污染为主.贵州产煤地层龙潭组上覆嘉陵江组、夜郎组，下伏栖霞-茅口组最易受煤矿开采及其化工影响，污染组分以铁、铝、锰为主；而三叠系碳酸盐岩分布区域与安顺、贵阳、遵义等大中型城市和磷化工、铝工业、锰系铁合金生产等工矿企业聚集区域重合度高，更容易受到生产生活影响，污染组分多为氨氮、重金属、耗氧量及有机污染组分.
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| 关 键 词： | 贵州省 碳酸盐岩含水层 地下水 污染特征 水文地质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-06-19 |
Pollution Status and Characteristics of Main Carbonate Aquifers in Guizhou Province |
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| Abstract: | Groundwater environment in karst areas is fragile and vulnerable to human activities and regional environmental changes. There are few studies on combining karst water pollution with stratigraphic lithology and hydrogeological conditions in the area where the pollution point is located. This Paper adopts the improved hierarchical ladder evaluation method to carry out regional groundwater pollution evaluation in Guizhou province, and analyzes the causes of pollution in combination with field investigation. The results show that the Permian Qixia Maokou Formation (22.28%), the Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Yelang Formation (14.08%), the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation and Yangliujing Formation (13.42%) are carbonate aquifers with the highest degree of pollution in the whole province. The causes are closely related to the rock types and outcropping locations of the aquifers. The types and characteristics of aquifer rocks determine the combination type of water-bearing medium, karst development degree and pollution path pollution distance. The natural pollution prevention capability of limestone formation is mainly medium-long source runoff type, while that of dolomite formation is mainly near source infiltration type. Longtan Formation, a coal-producing formation in Guizhou, is covered by Jialing River Formation and Yelang Formation, and the underlying Qixia Maokou Formation is most vulnerable to coal mining and its chemical industry. The major pollutants are iron, aluminum and manganese. However, the distribution area of Triassic carbonate rocks has a high coincidence with large and medium-sized cities such as Anshun, Guiyang and Zunyi, and industrial, mining and industrial enterprises such as phosphorus chemical industry, aluminum industry and manganese ferroalloy production, which are more susceptible to production and life impacts. Most of the pollutants are ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals, oxygen consumption and organic pollutants. |
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