| 雷暴闪电放电活动对电离层影响的研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 张义军,张阳.雷暴闪电放电活动对电离层影响的研究进展[J].应用气象学报,2016,27(5):570-576. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张义军 张阳 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室/雷电物理和防护工程实验室, 北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(91537209，41205002)，中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费（2015Z006），国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014 〖JP〗CB441406，2014CB441405) |
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| 摘 要： | 雷暴中的闪电放电能够产生强静电场以及电磁辐射场，从而对空间电离层产生重要影响，引起电离层电子密度分布的扰动。研究表明:闪电放电引起电离层扰动的方式有两种:直接耦合和间接耦合。其中，直接耦合主要来自于闪电产生的准静电场及电磁场的作用，在甚低频 (VLF) 反射信号上表现出快VLF事件, 而间接耦合主要是闪电低频电磁波在传播过程中与磁层相互作用，在辐射带产生闪电诱导电子沉降 (LEP) 现象。雷暴闪电活动能够改变电离层从D层到F层的电子密度分布，影响对流层大气和电离层之间的场，导致中高层瞬态放电淘气精灵 (elves) 及红闪 (sprite) 等现象的激发。闪电VLF传输反射信号可用于反演电离层密度的变化，目前已成为一种探测电离层扰动的常用方法，而引起电离层扰动的强度不但和闪电放电参量密切相关，也和闪电放电过程、类型有关。该文重点阐述了闪电放电与电离层直接耦合和间接耦合作用以及导致的相关现象。
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| 关 键 词： | 雷暴 闪电放电 电离层 影响 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-05-17 |
| 修稿时间： | 7/5/2016 12:00:00 AM |
The Effect Research on Ionosphere in Response to Lightning Discharge During Thunderstorm |
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| Zhang Yijun and Zhang Yang.The Effect Research on Ionosphere in Response to Lightning Discharge During Thunderstorm[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2016,27(5):570-576. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Yijun and Zhang Yang |
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| Affiliation: | Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | Large current, strong electrostatic field and radiation field generated by lightning discharges during thunderstorm activity not only cause severe natural disaster, such as oil depot explosion, forest fire and personnel casualties on the earth surface, but also exert great effects on ionosphere which leads to the perturbation of electron intensity distribution. Lightning discharge affects ionosphere in two patterns: Direct coupling and indirect coupling. The direct coupling, which shows fast very low frequency (VLF) events in VLF reflected signal, is caused by the action of quasi-electrostatic field and electro-magnetic field generated by lightning, while the indirect coupling, which exhibits lightning induced electron precipitation (LEP) in the radiation belt, is caused by the interaction between the low frequency (LF) electromagnetic wave generated by lightning and the magnetosphere during the propagation. The amplitude of LEP is related with the current of return stroke and flash rate. The lightning discharge in thunderstorm can change the distribution of electron density from D layer to F layer, and can affect the electric field between the ionosphere and troposphere. As a result, some transient glowing, such as elves and sprite can be caused. The research of transient glowing in the middle and upper atmosphere is a hot topic. The VLF reflected signal during the electro-magnetic signal propagation of lightning discharge can be used to measure the change of ionosphere density, which is a common method to detect ionosphere disturbance. The strength of ionosphere disturbance is related with lightning discharge parameters and lightning discharge types. Many results show that positive cloud-to-ground flashes, negative cloud-to-ground with large return stroke current and discharges with large transferred charge often lead to obvious ionosphere change. Nowadays, the effect research on ionosphere in response to lightning discharge often focuses on the ionosphere bottom (often called D layer), but the observation and mechanism research of the effect on ionosphere E and F layers are still limited. As for ionosphere D, the analysis is mainly based on single point observation and simulation research, and the large scale 3-D imaging of ionosphere disturbance caused by lightning discharge needs further investigation. Effect researches on ionosphere in response to lightning discharge during thunderstorm in recent years are investigated, and the direct coupling and indirect coupling between the lightning discharge and ionosphere are introduced in detail, as well as the related phenomenon caused by the interaction between lighting discharge and ionosphere. |
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| Keywords: | thunderstorm lightning discharge ionosphere effects |
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