Deformation and seismic anisotropy of the lithospheric mantle in southern Songliao Basin: Constraints from peridotite xenoliths
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摘要:
SKS测量结果显示松辽盆地快波方向分布较为复杂, 由于缺乏深部岩石变形资料约束, 制约了地震波各向异性成因解释。本文通过对松辽盆地南部双辽地区橄榄岩包体进行详细的岩石学、地球化学、显微结构、各向异性研究, 结果显示双辽地区橄榄岩包体的平衡温度为893~1152℃, 来源于岩石圈地幔。橄榄岩中橄榄石的晶格优选方位(CPO)类型主要为A型、D型和AG型, 其中, AG型和D型CPO可能形成于西太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲回撤导致的岩石圈变形, AG型橄榄石CPO也可能形成于熔体存在下的橄榄石变形。基于CPO计算获得的橄榄岩包体全岩VP各向异性(AVP)为4.79%~11.80%, 最大剪切波各向异性(AVSmax)为3.13%~7.93%。结合地球物理测量结果, 推断松辽盆地南部复杂的SKS各向异性的主要贡献可能来源于面理陡倾或直立的岩石圈地幔。
Abstract:SKS wave splitting measurements revealed that the distribution of fast wave direction in the Songliao Basin is complex. The formation of seismic anisotropy is restricted by the lack of study in lithospheric mantle deformation. To better understand lithospheric deformation and upper mantle anisotropy observed in this region, we performed studies on petrology, geochemistry, microstructures and seismic anisotropy of peridotite xenoliths collected from Shuangliao, southern Songliao Basin. The results show that equilibrium temperature of peridotite xenoliths in Shuangliao is 893~1152℃, which suggest that peridotite xenoliths were derived from the lithospheric mantle. The mantle peridotite xenoliths show three types crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of olivine, which are A-type, D-type and AG-type CPO. The AG-type and D-type olivine CPO were probably formed by lithospheric deformation caused by the subduction and retreat of western Pacific Plate. Moreover, the AG-type olivine CPO may be formed by deformation in the presence of melt. The VP anisotropy (AVP) and maximum shear wave anisotropy (AVSmax) of peridotite xenoliths calculated from the fabric of xenoliths are 4.79%~11.80% and 3.13%~7.93%, respectively. Based on the seismic properties of peridotite xenoliths and geophysical measurements, it is inferred that the complex SKS wave splitting is attributed to the lithospheric mantle in the southern Songliao Basin with a vertical structural frame.
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图 1
中国东北地区构造分区简图(据Yu et al., 2010; Hao et al., 2016; Li et al., 2017修改)
Figure 1.
Tectonic map and SKS splitting observations of northeastern China (modified after Yu et al., 2010; Hao et al., 2016; Li et al., 2017)
图 2
双辽地区橄榄岩包体正交偏光下显微结构图
Figure 2.
Microphotographs under crossed-polarized light of peridotite xenoliths in Shuangliao
图 3
双辽橄榄岩包体的矿物化学成分图
Figure 3.
Major element geochemical diagrams of the peridotites xenoliths in Shuangliao
图 4
EBSD测量获得的双辽地区橄榄岩包体中橄榄石的CPO图像
Figure 4.
EBSD measured olivine CPO of the mantle xenoliths in Shuangliao
图 5
EBSD测量获得的双辽地区橄榄岩包体中斜方辉石(Opx)和单斜辉石(Cpx)的CPO图像
Figure 5.
EBSD measured orthopyroxene (Opx) and clinopyroxene (Cpx) CPO of the mantle xenoliths in Shuangliao
图 6
双辽地区橄榄岩包体全岩地震波各向异性计算结果(以BA值排序)
Figure 6.
Calculated seismic properties of mantle xenoliths in Shuangliao (xenoliths were ordered according to BA-index)
图 7
松辽盆地南部岩石圈地幔变形模式图(据Chen et al., 2017修改)
Figure 7.
Schematic diagrams of the lithosphere deformation in the southern Songliao Basin (modified after Chen et al., 2017)
表 1
双辽地区地幔橄榄岩包体岩石显微结构、主要矿物含量(%)、J值、M值和BA值参数
Table 1.
Microstructure, modal compositions (%), calculated J-index, M-index and BA-index of Shuangliao mantle peridotite xenoliths
样品号 岩性 显微结构 主要矿物含量(EBSD mapping) J值 M值 CPO类型 BA值 Ol Opx Cpx Sp Ol Opx Cpx Ol Opx Cpx Ol BBT19-7 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒-残斑状结构 71.74 17.66 9.47 1.13 4.46 4.81 4.15 0.17 0.13 0.04 AG 0.23 BBT19-11 方辉橄榄岩 粗粒-残斑状结构 77.65 18.82 2.84 0.68 2.94 3.67 6.34 0.14 0.13 0.11 AG 0.30 BLS19-23 二辉橄榄岩 扁平-等粒状结构 58.13 26.37 13.97 1.52 3.01 1.87 2.76 0.1 0.03 0.02 A 0.44 BLS19-8 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒-残斑状结构 84.32 8.76 6.26 0.66 2.47 2.03 31.56 0.05 0.04 0.13 A 0.53 BLS19-3 方辉橄榄岩 粗粒-原生粒状结构 85.21 11.87 2.23 0.69 53.93 3.66 11.35 0.48 0.12 0.15 A 0.58 BBT19-10 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒-残斑状结构 76.45 16.32 6.26 0.97 8.57 2.88 7.11 0.14 0.05 0.17 A 0.58 BLS19-5 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒-原生粒状结构 53.01 22.87 18.71 5.41 3.26 4.43 7.45 0.08 0.08 0.08 D 0.66 BLS19-9 方辉橄榄岩 扁平-等粒状结构 74.75 19.78 4.71 0.77 1.87 1.32 3.27 0.05 0.01 0.02 D 0.69 BBT19-4 方辉橄榄岩 粗粒-残斑状结构 80.12 15.9 3.39 0.59 4.80 2.53 6.53 0.18 0.05 0.03 D 0.75 注： 
Skemer et al., 2005 ).样品的J值、M值和BA值参数由MTEX软件计算获得(Bachmann et al., 2010 ;Mainprice et al., 2011 ;https://mtex-toolbox.github.io/ )
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表 2
双辽地区地幔橄榄岩包体的主要矿物电子探针成分分析结果(wt%)
Table 2.
Mineral chemistry (wt%) of Shuangliao mantle peridotite xenoliths
样品号 BBT19-7 BLS19-23 BLS19-8 BLS19-3 BLS19-9 BBT19-4 样品号 BBT19-7 BLS19-23 BLS19-8 BLS19-3 BLS19-9 BBT19-4 矿物 Ol 矿物 Cpx K2O 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 K2O 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 CaO 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.10 CaO 18.59 19.82 20.14 21.22 21.36 19.46 MnO 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.08 0.13 0.12 MnO 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 MgO 48.01 47.77 47.86 49.18 48.29 48.62 MgO 15.65 14.89 15.64 16.46 15.79 17.05 Al2O3 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 Al2O3 6.40 6.07 4.55 2.95 3.26 3.61 Na2O 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 Na2O 1.39 1.56 1.27 0.94 1.11 1.07 SiO2 40.57 40.62 40.86 41.10 41.04 40.95 SiO2 52.10 52.61 53.18 53.99 54.01 53.71 FeO 8.67 9.22 9.10 7.76 8.65 7.90 FeO 2.85 2.42 2.44 1.81 2.11 2.56 Cr2O3 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 Cr2O3 0.92 0.93 1.26 1.37 1.27 1.44 TiO2 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 TiO2 0.39 0.39 0.30 0.05 0.15 0.09 Total 97.59 97.85 98.06 98.23 98.17 97.77 Total 98.37 98.79 98.88 98.87 99.14 99.08 Mg# 90.80 90.23 90.36 91.87 90.87 91.64 Mg# 90.73 91.66 91.95 94.19 93.02 92.24 矿物 Opx 矿物 Sp K2O 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 K2O 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 CaO 0.95 0.58 0.66 0.61 0.49 1.08 CaO 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.10 0.11 MnO 0.08 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.15 0.16 MgO 31.67 32.43 32.58 33.68 33.30 32.57 MgO 19.78 19.76 17.19 15.91 14.82 15.84 Al2O3 4.85 4.04 3.17 2.16 2.23 2.84 Al2O3 50.88 54.14 39.74 30.00 32.26 27.59 Na2O 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.08 Na2O 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 SiO2 54.71 55.80 56.07 57.00 56.68 56.14 SiO2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FeO 5.43 5.73 5.58 4.90 5.62 5.02 FeO 10.53 9.92 12.59 11.96 14.65 13.71 Cr2O3 0.52 0.37 0.55 0.54 0.45 0.81 Cr2O3 14.61 12.21 25.97 38.36 34.19 38.75 TiO2 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.04 TiO2 0.21 0.14 0.28 0.13 0.11 0.14 Total 98.48 99.21 98.89 99.06 98.96 98.70 Total 96.10 96.26 95.89 96.55 96.21 96.22 Mg# 91.22 90.99 91.23 92.46 91.35 92.04 Mg# 77.00 78.03 70.88 70.33 64.33 67.31 T(Ca in opx)(℃) 1044 927 956 937 893 1077 Cr# 16.15 13.15 30.48 46.17 41.55 48.52 T(BK90)(℃) 1152 1036 1050 1003 950 1142 注：Mg#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe)；Cr#=100×Cr/(Cr+Al)；T(BK90)和T(Ca in opx)：地质温度计(Brey and Köhler, 1990)
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表 3
双辽地区地幔橄榄岩包体全岩地震波参数
Table 3.
Calculated seismic properties of Shuangliao mantle peridotite xenoliths
样品号 AVP VPmax VPmin AVSmax dVSmax AVS1 VS1max VS1min AVS2 VS2max VS2min AVP/VS1 AVP/VS2 VPmean VSmean (%) (km/s) (km/s) (%) (km/s) (%) (km/s) (km/s) (%) (km/s) (km/s) (%) (%) (km/s) (km/s) BBT19-7 8.63 8.6 7.89 6.52 0.32 5.02 5.01 4.76 2.23 4.79 4.69 4.16 7.35 8.24 4.81 BBT19-11 6.84 8.57 8.01 4.93 0.24 3.90 4.97 4.78 2.58 4.83 4.71 3.89 5.79 8.29 4.82 BLS19-23 5.71 8.52 8.05 4.32 0.21 2.90 4.94 4.80 2.86 4.85 4.71 4.4 4.16 8.28 4.82 BLS19-8 10.51 8.84 7.96 7.93 0.38 4.60 5.04 4.82 5.14 4.88 4.63 9.2 6.69 8.40 4.84 BLS19-3 11.80 8.94 7.94 7.90 0.38 4.94 5.08 4.83 5.88 4.89 4.61 11.31 7.55 8.44 4.85 BBT19-10 9.45 8.77 7.98 5.98 0.29 3.81 4.99 4.8 4.71 4.88 4.66 7.37 6.67 8.37 4.83 BLS19-5 4.79 8.51 8.11 3.13 0.15 2.28 4.92 4.81 2.32 4.84 4.72 4.79 3.46 8.31 4.82 BLS19-9 6.49 8.62 8.07 3.96 0.19 2.46 4.95 4.83 3.36 4.86 4.70 5.15 4.41 8.34 4.83 BBT19-4 7.83 8.73 8.08 5.21 0.25 2.48 4.95 4.83 4.71 4.89 4.66 7.41 5 8.4 4.83
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