Focal mechanism inversion and source depth locating of moderate-major earthquakes in the Sichuan region since 2010
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摘要:
2008年5月12日四川龙门山断裂带发生了汶川8.0级地震，之后四川境内发生了两次7.0级地震（其中一个是芦山地震），为了研究汶川地震之后龙门山断裂带及周边区域的地震活动性，本研究收集了国家地震台网和四川区域地震台网2010年1月1日-2017年12月31日四川地区发生的17次M ≥ 5.0地震以及120多次5.0 > M ≥ 4.0地震的波形资料，利用波形拟合法反演了震源机制解及区域应力场.反演结果显示，位于龙门山断裂带上的地震，震源机制以逆冲型为主，鲜水河断裂带地震震源机制以走滑型为主，而川滇块体西南部的理塘断裂、金沙江断裂附近，震源机制解以正断层为主.根据震源机制解反演得到的龙门山地区、鲜水河地区的主压应力场方向为WNW、近EW向.川滇块体的巴塘、理塘等地区，其主压应力轴方向为12°左右，接近SN向，且仰角接近40°左右.本研究利用面波振幅谱特征对震源深度进行了精确定位，定位结果与中国地震台网中心（CENC），美国地震调查局（USGS），国际地震中心（ISC）等机构地震目录进行了对比.结果显示，四川地区强震震源深度主要分布在20 km以上的中上地壳.龙门山地区震源优势分布在10~20 km，鲜水河断裂地震震源深度在10 km左右，川滇块体西南部的理塘断裂，巴塘断裂，金沙江断裂等地区，震源深度一般在5~10 km范围.
Abstract:Focal mechanism solutions and accurate source depths of earthquakes are important for understanding seismicity and structure of seismic faults. This work collected the seismic wave data of earthquakes with magnitudes M ≥ 5.0 and 5.0 > M ≥ 4.0, which occurred from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017, recorded by the national seismic network and the regional seismic network in Sichuan province. The focal mechanisms of these events were inverted applying the synthetic seismograms method. The results show that the earthquakes on the Longmenshan fault zone are of thrust focal mechanism. On the Xianshuihe fault zone, focal mechanism solutions are dominated by strike-slip. And in the southwest of the Sichuan-Yunnan block, normal faulting dominates the focal mechanism solutions. As the excitation energy of surface waves is sensitive to source depth, the surface wave amplitude spectrum is applied to determine the focal depth and compared with the results from China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the International Seismological Centre (ISC). The sources of the moderate-major earthquakes in the Sichuan region are mainly distributed in the upper-middle crust above 20 km. In the Longmenshan region, seismic sources are concentrated in the depth range from 10 km to 20 km. On the Xianshuihe fault zone, focal depths are confined about 10km. In the southwest of Sichuan-Yunnan block, near the Litang and Jinshajiang faults, the depths of seismic sources are generally 5 km to 10 km.
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Key words:
- Sichuan region /
- Focal mechanism /
- Focal depth /
- Synthetic seismograms /
- Surface wave amplitude spectrum
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图 1
研究区构造背景及地震台站和震中分布
Figure 1.
The tectonic setting and the distributions of the seismic stations and epicenters
图 3
2014年11月22日四川康定M6.4地震波形拟合
Figure 3.
The synthetic waveforms of Kangding M6.4 earthquake on 22 Nov. 2014
图 5
震源机制解与应力场反演结果
Figure 5.
The results of focal mechanism and stress filed inversions
图 8
芦山地震震源深度单台定位结果
Figure 8.
The results of single station location of Lushan earthquake
表 1
地震参数
Table 1.
The parameters of the earthquakes
序号 发震时刻
北京时间经度
(°E)纬度
(°N)深度
/km震级
/MS地名 0* 2008-05-12 14:28:04 103.39 31.00 18 8.0 四川汶川 1 2010-04-28 04:22:27 101.45 30.60 8 5.0 四川道孚 2 2010-05-25 14:11:53 103.49 31.17 20 5.0 四川汶川 3 2011-04-10 17:02:42 100.80 31.28 10 5.4 四川炉霍 4 2011-11-01 05:58:15 105.30 32.60 6 5.2 四川青川 5 2013-01-18 20:42:50 99.40 30.95 15 5.5 四川白玉 6** 2013-04-20 08:02:47 102.97 30.29 17 7.0 四川芦山 7 2013-04-20 11:34:16 102.94 30.24 15 5.4 四川芦山 8 2013-04-21 04:53:44 103.05 30.35 27 5.4 四川芦山 9 2013-04-21 17:05:23 103.00 30.34 17 5.4 四川芦山 10 2013-08-28 04:44:52 99.33 28.20 9 5.2 四川得荣 11 2014-10-01 09:23:29 102.74 28.38 10 5.2 四川越西 12 2014-11-22 16:55:28 101.68 30.29 20 6.4 四川康定 13 2014-11-25 23:19:09 101.75 30.20 16 5.9 四川康定 14 2015-01-14 13:21:40 103.20 29.30 20 5.0 四川金口河 15 2016-09-23 00:47:13 99.60 30.08 19 5.2 四川理塘 16 2017-08-08 21:19:48 103.82 33.20 10 7.0 四川九寨沟 17 2017-09-30 14:14:37 105.05 32.25 10 5.4 四川青川 注：*汶川主震地震参数引自Zhao等(2011). **芦山主震地震参数赵博等(2013)，其他地震参数引自中国地震台网中心地震目录. 
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表 2
速度模型
Table 2.
Velocity model
层厚度/km α/(km·s-1) β/(km·s-1) 3 4.88 2.86 5 5.80 3.40 14 6.04 3.55 21 6.82 3.98 上地幔顶部 7.61 4.45
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表 3
本研究震源机制反演结果与GCMT对比
Table 3.
The results of focal mechanism inversions compared with GCMT
序号 本研究结果 GCMT结果 矩震级
MW面波震级
MS走向 倾角 滑动角(°) 走向 倾角 滑动角(°) 0 227 40 116 231 35 138 7.9 8.0 15 55 70 357 68 63 1 237 81 160 236 79 176 4.8 5.0 330 70 10 327 86 11 2 236 47 105 233 53 116 4.9 5.0 35 45 75 14 44 59 3 43 81 -160 45 83 -165 5.2 5.4 310 70 -10 313 75 -7 4 70 50 90 79 50 108 4.9 5.2 250 40 90 232 44 70 5 206 85 -170 208 86 179 5.3 5.5 115 80 -5 298 89 4 6 200 45 95 212 42 100 6.5 7.0 15 45 85 19 49 81 7 233 50 112 215 45 100 5.1 5.4 20 45 65 21 46 80 8 175 50 60 177 43 74 4.7 5.4 37 48 121 17 50 103 9 215 50 70 221 45 94 5.1 5.4 65 44 112 35 45 86 10 290 60 -75 294 51 -55 4.9 5.2 82 33 -114 66 50 125 11 355 75 35 349 80 25 5.0 5.2 255 56 162 254 66 169 12 238 80 -165 233 89 -175 6.0 6.4 145 75 -10 143 85 -1 13 242 80 -170 239 84 -175 5.7 5.9 150 80 -10 148 85 -6 14 335 50 75 340 46 91 4.7 5.0 178 42 107 158 44 89 15 39 64 -134 56 53 -122 4.9 5.2 285 50 -35 281 47 -55 16 65 76 -159 243 82 -168 6.5 7.0 330 70 -15 151 79 -8 17 20 70 45 21 54 42 5.0 5.4 271 48 153 263 57 135
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表 4
本研究深度定位结果和其他研究结果对比
Table 4.
The depth location results compared with others results
序号 本研究结果
km均方根误差 CENC结果
kmUSGS结果
kmISC结果
km1 11.5 1.7 8 10 12.5 2 13.0 2.0 20 10 24.6 3 9.5 2.0 10 42.7 18.2 4 11.7 1.7 6 39.5 16.3 5 9.4 1.2 15 8.0 14.9 6 13.1 1.8 17 14 18 7 8.5 0.8 15 10 15.2 8 21.9 2.6 27 10 26.8 9 7.6 1.2 17 15.7 16 10 7.6 1.3 9 10 10 11 10.4 2.4 10 9.3 17.6 12 13.2 2.1 20 9 2 13 13.1 2.3 16 9 6.3 14 12.0 1.9 20 10 17.8 15 8.9 1.6 19 22 - 16 8.2 1.1 10 9 - 17 9.1 1.2 10 10 -
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