Proto-Tethys Ocean in East Asia (Ⅲ): Structures of ductile shear zones in the North Qinling
-
摘要: 北秦岭造山带位于华北陆块与南秦岭微陆块的衔接部位，是研究原特提斯洋构造演化的关键区域之一。北秦岭造山带内主要发育四条韧性剪切带，包括位于边界处的洛南-栾川剪切带和商丹剪切带，及其内部的官坡-乔端剪切带和朱阳关-夏馆剪切带。通过详细的野外构造解析、显微构造分析和石英EBSD组构分析，获得了四条主要剪切带的活动特征，认为（1）在早古生代华北陆块与北秦岭微陆块拼合后的折返过程中，洛南-栾川、官坡-乔端和朱阳关-夏馆剪切带开始了初始的剪切活动；（2）~380Ma之后，华北、华南陆块在向北漂移过程中逐渐由近东西向展布转换为近南北向展布，导致洛南-栾川和商丹剪切带表现为明显的右行剪切；（3）~320Ma时，华北陆块和南秦岭微陆块之间的剪刀式拼合导致洛南-栾川剪切带表现为右行剪切，商丹剪切带表现为左行剪切，而官坡-乔端和朱阳关-夏馆剪切带在陆块内部不同构造单元的协调作用下分别表现为左行剪切和右行剪切。Abstract: The North Qinling orogenic belt, located in the junction zone between the North China Block and the South Qinling micro-continental block, is a key area to study the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. The North Qinling orogenic belt mainly developed four ductile shear zones, including the Luonan-Luanchuan and the Shangdan shear zones which bound the orogenic belt, and the Guanpo-Qiaoduan and the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan shear zones in the interior of the orogenic belt. Based on detailed analysis of filed and microscopic observations and EBSD fabric analysis for quartz, structures of the four shear zones could be obtained: (1) after the collision between the North China Block and the North Qinling micro-continental block in the Early Paleozoic, the Luonan-Luanchuan, Guanpo-Qiaoduan and Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan shear zones started their activities during the exhumation process; (2) after ~380Ma, the relationship between the North China and the South China blocks was changed from a generally east-west trend to a generally north-south trend due to their northward drifting, resulting in the dextral shearing of the Luonan-Luanchuan and the Shangdan shear zones; (3) ~320Ma, the scissors-type closure between the North China Block and the South Qinling micro-continental block led to the dextral shearing of the Luonan-Luanchuan shear zone and the sinistral shearing of the Shangdan shear zone. However, the Guanpo-Qiaoduan and the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan shear zones performed as sinistral and dextral shearing, respectively, due to the adjustment among different lithotectonic units in the North Qinling orogenic belt.
-
Key words:
- Proto-Tethys Ocean /
- North Qinling /
- Shear zone /
- EBSD
-
-
[1] Chang CF, Pan YS and Sun YY. 1989. The tectonic evolution of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A review. In: Ş engör AMC (ed.). Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region, NATO ASI Series. Netherlands: Springer, 259: 415-476
[2] Chen DL, Liu L, Sun Y, Zhang AD, Liu XM and Luo JH. 2004. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating for high-pressure basic granulite from North Qinling and its geological significance. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(21): 2296-2304
[3] Chen ZH, Lu SN, Li HK, Li HM, Xiang ZQ, Zhou HY and Song B. 2006. Constraining the role of the Qinling orogen in the assembly and break-up of Rodinia: Tectonic implications for Neoproterozoic granite occurrences. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 28(1): 99-115
[4] Cheng H, Zhang C, Vervoort JD, Li XH, Li QL, Wu YB and Zheng S. 2012. Timing of eclogite facies metamorphism in the North Qinling by U-Pb and Lu-Hf geochronology. Lithos, 136-139: 46-59
[5] Diwu CR, Sun Y, Liu L, Zhang CL and Wang HL. 2010. The disintegration of Kuanping Group in North Qinling orogenic belts and Neo-proterozoic N-MORB. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26(7): 2025-2038 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] Diwu CR, Sun Y, Zhang H, Wang Q, Guo AL and Fan LG. 2012. Episodic tectonothermal events of the western North China Craton and North Qinling Orogenic Belt in central China: Constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb ages. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 47: 107-122
[7] Dong YP, Zhou MF, Zhang GW, Zhou DW, Liu L and Zhang Q. 2008. The Grenvillian Songshugou ophiolite in the Qinling Mountains, Central China: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 32(5-6): 325-335
[8] Dong YP, Zhang GW, Neubauer F, Liu XM, Genser J and Hauzenberger C. 2011a. Tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, China: Review and synthesis. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 41(3): 213-237
[9] Dong YP, Zhang GW, Hauzenberger C, Neubauer F, Yang Z and Liu XM. 2011b. Palaeozoic tectonics and evolutionary history of the Qinling orogen: Evidence from geochemistry and geochronology of ophiolite and related volcanic rocks. Lithos, 122(1-2): 39-56
[10] Dong YP, Genser J, Neubauer F, Zhang GW, Liu XM, Yang Z, Heberer B. 2011c. U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the exhumation history of the North Qinling terrane, China. Gondwana Research, 19(4): 881-893
[11] Dong YP, Yang Z, Liu XM, Zhang XN, He DF, Li W, Zhang FF, Sun SS, Zhang HF and Zhang GW. 2014. Neoproterozoic amalgamation of the northern Qinling terrain to the North China Craton: Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of the Kuanping ophiolite. Precambrian Research, 255: 77-95
[12] Dong YP, Zhang XN, Liu XM, Li W, Chen Q, Zhang GW, Zhang HF, Yang Z, Sun SS and Zhang FF. 2015. Propagation tectonics and multiple accretionary processes of the Qinling Orogen. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 104: 84-98
[13] Hacker BR, Ratschbacher L and Liou JG. 2004. Subduction, collision and exhumation in the ultrahigh-pressure Qinling-Dabie orogeny. In: Malpas J, Fletcher CJN, Ali JR and Aitchison JC (eds.). Aspects of the Tectonic Evolution of China. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226: 157-175
[14] Huang BC, Zhu RX, Otofuji Y and Yang ZY. 2000. The Early Paleozoic paleogeography of the North China Block and the other major blocks of China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(12): 1057-1065
[15] Kröner A, Zhang GW and Sun Y. 1993. Granulites in the Tongbai area, Qinling Belt, China: Geochemistry, petrology, single zircon geochronology, and implications for the tectonic evolution of eastern Asia. Tectonics, 12(1): 245-255
[16] Li N, Chen YJ, Santosh M and Pirajno F. 2015a. Compositional polarity of Triassic granitoids in the Qinling Orogen, China: Implication for termination of the northernmost paleo-Tethys. Gondwana Research, 27(1): 244-257
[17] Li SZ, Yang Z, Zhao SJ, Li XY, Guo LL, Yu S, Liu X, Suo YH and Lan HY. 2016a. Global Early Paleozoic orogens (I): Collision-type orogeny. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 46(4): 945-967 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] Li SZ, Yang Z, Zhao SJ, Li XY, Suo YH, Guo LL, Yu S, Dai LM, Li SJ and Mu DL. 2016b. Global Early Paleozoic orogens (Ⅱ): Subduction-accretionary-type orogeny. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 46(4): 968-1004 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] Li SZ, Li XY, Zhao SJ, Yang Z, Liu X, Guo LL, Wang YM, Hao Y, Zhang J and Hu MY. 2016c. Global Early Paleozoic orogens (Ⅲ): Intracontinental orogen in South China. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 46(4): 1005-1025 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] Li SZ, Yang Z, Zhao SJ, Liu X, Yu S, Li XY, Guo LL, Suo YH, Dai LM, Guo RH and Zhang GW. 2016d. Global Early Paleozoic orogens (IV): Plate reconstruction and supercontinent Carolina. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 46(4): 46(4): 1026-1041 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] Li SZ, Zhao SJ, Yu S, Cao HH, Li XY, Liu X, Guo XY, Xiao WJ, Lai SC, Yan Z, Li ZH, Yu SY, Zhang J and Lan HY. 2016e. Proto-Tethys Ocean in East Asia (Ⅱ): Affinity and assembly of Early Paleozoic micro-continental blocks. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 32(9): 2628-2644 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] Li Y, Yang JS, Dilek Y, Zhang J, Pei XZ, Chen SY, Xu XZ and Li JY. 2015b. Crustal architecture of the Shangdan suture zone in the Early Paleozoic Qinling orogenic belt, China: Record of subduction initiation and backarc basin development. Gondwana Research, 27(2): 733-744
[23] Li YL, Zhang GW and Song CZ. 1998. Characteristics of bidirectional subduction of Erlangping backarc basin in the East Qinling. Geological Journal of China Universities, 4(3): 286-293 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] Liu JL, Cao SY, Zou YX and Song ZJ. 2008. EBSD analysis of rock fabrics and its application. Geological Bulletin of China, 27(10): 1638-1645 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] Liu L, Chen DL, Wang C and Zhang CL. 2009. New progress on geochronology of high-pressure/ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the South Altyn Tagh, the North Qaidam and the North Qinling orogenic, NW China and their geological significance. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 39(3): 472-479 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] Liu L, Liao XY, Zhang CL, Chen DL, Gong XK and Kang L. 2013. Multi-matemorphic timings of HP-UHP rocks in the North Qinling and their geological implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 29(5): 1634-1656 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27] Liu X, Li SZ, Suo YH, Liu XC, Liu ES and Dai LM. 2010. Tectonic outline and structural styles of the Tongbai collisional orogen and its neighbors. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26(4): 1289-1302 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] Liu X, Li SZ, Suo YH, Liu XC, Dai LM and Santosh M. 2011a. Structural anatomy of the exhumation of high-pressure rocks: Constraints from the Tongbai Collisional Orogen and surrounding units. Geological Journal, 46(2-3): 156-172
[29] Liu X, Li SZ, Suo YH, Liu XC, Dai LM and Santosh M. 2012. Structural analysis of the northern Tongbai Metamorphic Terranes, Central China: Implications for Paleozoic accretionary process on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 47: 143-154
[30] Liu XC, Jahn BM, Hu J, Li SZ, Liu X and Song B. 2011b. Metamorphic patterns and SHRIMP zircon ages of medium-to-high grade rocks from the Tongbai orogen, central China: Implications for multiple accretion/collision processes prior to terminal continental collision. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 29(9): 979-1002
[31] Liu XC, Jahn BM, Li SZ and Liu YS. 2013. UPb zircon age and geochemical constraints on tectonic evolution of the Paleozoic accretionary orogenic system in the Tongbai orogen, central China. Tectonophysics, 599: 67-88
[32] Lu SN, Li HK, Wang HC, Chen ZH, Zheng JK and Xiang ZQ. 2009. Detrital zircon population of Proterozoic meta-sedimentary strata in the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun Orogen. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 25(9): 2195-2208 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33] Mattauer M, Matte P, Malavieille J, Tapponnier P, Maluski H, Xu ZQ, Lu YL and Tang YQ. 1985. Tectonics of the Qinling Belt: Build-up and evolution of eastern Asia. Nature, 317(6037): 496-500
[34] Mattern F and Schneider W. 2000. Suturing of the Proto- and Paleo-Tethys oceans in the western Kunlun (Xinjiang, China). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 18(6): 637-650
[35] Meng QR and Zhang GW. 1999. Timing of collision of the North and South China blocks: Controversy and reconciliation. Geology, 27(2): 123-126
[36] Meng QR and Zhang GW. 2000. Geologic framework and tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, central China. Tectonophysics, 323(3-4): 183-196
[37] Pei XZ, Li HM, Li GG, He WJ and Wang QQ. 1995. Sm-Nd age and geochemical character of meta-basic volcanic rocks in south side of the Shangnan-Danfeng fault from East Qinling. Northwest Geoscience, 16(2): 49-57 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[38] Ratschbacher L, Hacker BR, Calvert A, Webb LE, Grimmer JC, McWilliams MO, Ireland T, Dong SW and Hu JM. 2003. Tectonics of the Qinling (Central China): Tectonostratigraphy, geochronology, and deformation history. Tectonophysics, 366(1-2): 1-53
[39] [JP3]Ratschbacher L, Franz L, Enkelmann E, Jonckheere R, Pörschke A, Hacker BR, Dong SW and Zhang YQ. 2006. The Sino-Korean-Yangtze suture, the Huwan detachment, and the Paleozoic-Tertiary exhumation of (ultra) high-pressure rocks along the Tongbai-Xinxian-Dabie Mountains. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 403: 45-75[JP]
[40] Ren SL, Song CZ, Li JH, Chen ZC, Huang WC, Zhang HR and Zhang H. 2010. Petromorphology of the Shiren Mountain block in the Qinling orogenic belt and its significance. Geology in China, 37(2): 347-356 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[41] Ren SL, Song CZ, Li JH, Lin SF, Jiang P, Huang P, Zhang Y, Hu D and Liu GT. 2013. Characteristics of composition of metamorphic fluid in Funiu tectonic belt and its tectonic significances. Geological Review, 59(6): 1068-1076 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[42] Shi Y, Yu JH and Santosh M. 2013. Tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt, Central China: New evidence from geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes. Precambrian Research, 231: 19-60
[43] Song CZ, Zhang GW, Ren SL, Li JH and Huang WC. 2009a. The research on deformation features of some structural zones in the Qinling-Dabieshan orogenic belt. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 39(3): 368-380 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[44] Song CZ, Zhang GW, Wang YS, Li JH, Chen ZC and Cai ZC. 2009b. The constraints of strain partitioning and geochronology in Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belts on Qinling orogenic belt. Science in China (Series D), 52(3): 300-312
[45] Stampfli GM. 2000. Tethyan oceans. In: Khan MA, Treloar PJ,渠攀眀?琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?洀漀搀攀氀??吀攀挀琀漀渀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀????????????????????戀爀?夀愀渀?儀刀??圀愀渀最?娀儀??夀愀渀?娀??圀愀渀最?吀???栀攀渀?????堀椀愀渀最?娀???娀栀愀渀最?娀儀?愀渀搀??椀愀渀最?????? ???伀爀椀最椀渀??愀最攀?愀渀搀?琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀?漀昀?洀攀琀愀洀愀昀椀挀?爀漀挀欀猀?椀渀?琀栀攀??甀愀渀瀀椀渀最??爀漀甀瀀?漀昀?琀栀攀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?漀爀漀最攀渀椀挀?戀攀氀琀???栀椀渀愀???攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀??甀氀氀攀琀椀渀?漀昀??栀椀渀愀????????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?夀愀渀最??匀??堀甀?娀儀???漀戀爀稀栀椀渀攀琀猀欀愀礀愀??????爀攀攀渀?愀??圀??倀攀椀?堀娀??匀栀椀?刀???圀甀?????圀漀漀搀攀渀?????娀栀愀渀最??堀??圀愀渀?夀匀?愀渀搀??椀?????? ????椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀?漀昀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀挀?搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀?椀渀?挀攀渀琀爀愀氀??栀椀渀愀???渀?椀渀搀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?愀??? ?欀洀?氀漀渀最?稀漀渀攀?漀昀?搀攀攀瀀?猀甀戀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀?爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最?昀爀漀洀?洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀?挀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀愀氀?挀漀氀氀椀猀椀漀渀猀??吀攀爀爀愀?一漀瘀愀??????????? ?????戀爀?夀愀渀最??匀???椀甀?????圀甀?????圀愀渀?夀匀??娀栀愀渀最??堀??匀栀椀?刀??愀渀搀??栀攀渀?匀夀??? ???吀眀漀?甀氀琀爀愀栀椀最栀?瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀挀?攀瘀攀渀琀猀?爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀搀?椀渀?琀栀攀??攀渀琀爀愀氀?伀爀漀最攀渀椀挀??攀氀琀?漀昀??栀椀渀愀???瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀?昀爀漀洀?琀栀攀?唀?倀戀?搀愀琀椀渀最?漀昀??漀攀猀椀琀攀?戀攀愀爀椀渀最?稀椀爀挀漀渀猀???挀琀愀??攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀??????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?夀愀渀最?????栀攀渀?????夀愀渀最?夀娀???椀?匀儀?愀渀搀?娀栀甀?堀夀??? ? ??娀椀爀挀漀渀?唀?倀戀?愀最攀猀?漀昀?琀栀攀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最??爀漀甀瀀?椀渀??愀渀昀攀渀最?愀爀攀愀??刀攀挀漀爀搀椀渀最??攀猀漀瀀爀漀琀攀爀漀稀漀椀挀?愀渀搀?一攀漀瀀爀漀琀攀爀漀稀漀椀挀?洀愀最洀愀琀椀猀洀?愀渀搀??愀爀氀礀?倀愀氀攀漀稀漀椀挀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀猀洀?椀渀?琀栀攀?一漀爀琀栀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?琀攀爀爀愀椀渀???挀琀愀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀???????????????? ???椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?夀甀?匀???椀?匀娀??娀栀愀漀?匀????愀漀????愀渀搀?匀甀漀?夀???? ?????漀渀最?栀椀猀琀漀爀礀?漀昀?愀??爀攀渀瘀椀氀氀攀?漀爀漀最攀渀?爀攀氀椀挀?琀栀攀?一漀爀琀栀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?琀攀爀爀愀渀攀???瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?琀栀攀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?漀爀漀最攀渀椀挀?戀攀氀琀?昀爀漀洀?刀漀搀椀渀椀愀?琀漀??漀渀搀眀愀渀愀??倀爀攀挀愀洀戀爀椀愀渀?刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀??????????????戀爀?娀栀愀椀?堀????愀礀??圀???愀挀欀攀爀??刀?愀渀搀?夀漀甀?娀?????????倀愀氀攀漀稀漀椀挀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀猀洀?椀渀?琀栀攀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?漀爀漀最攀渀??吀漀渀最戀愀椀??漀甀渀琀愀椀渀猀??挀攀渀琀爀愀氀??栀椀渀愀???攀漀氀漀最礀?????????????????戀爀?娀栀愀椀?夀???娀栀漀甀?夀堀????????倀愀氀攀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀猀洀?愀渀搀?琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀?漀昀?一漀爀琀栀?愀渀搀?匀漀甀琀栀??栀椀渀愀?戀氀漀挀欀猀?猀椀渀挀攀?琀栀攀?倀栀愀渀攀爀漀稀漀椀挀???挀琀愀??攀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀?????????????? ???椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?娀栀愀渀最??圀???攀渀最?儀刀??夀甀?娀倀??匀甀渀?夀??娀栀漀甀??圀?愀渀搀??甀漀???????????伀爀漀最攀渀攀猀椀猀?愀渀搀?搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀?漀昀?琀栀攀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?伀爀漀最攀渀??匀挀椀攀渀挀攀?椀渀??栀椀渀愀??匀攀爀椀攀猀????????????????? ??椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?戀爀?娀栀愀渀最??圀??娀栀愀渀最??刀??夀甀愀渀?堀??愀渀搀?堀椀愀漀?儀???? ???儀椀渀氀椀渀最?伀爀漀最攀渀椀挀??攀氀琀?愀渀搀??漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀愀氀??礀渀愀洀椀挀猀???攀椀樀椀渀最??匀挀椀攀渀挀攀?倀爀攀猀猀??椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀??戀爀?嬀?倀?崀娀栀愀渀最????匀漀渀最??娀??圀愀渀最??堀??刀攀渀?匀???吀甀?圀??愀渀搀??椀?????? ????吀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀?愀渀搀?瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀?挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀?漀昀?琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?搀攀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?娀栀甀礀愀渀最最甀愀渀?堀椀愀最甀愀渀?昀愀甀氀琀?戀攀氀琀???漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀??攀昀攀椀?唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀?漀昀?吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??????????? ???? ?????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀?嬀?倀崀?戀爀?娀栀愀渀最?匀???圀愀渀?夀匀???椀甀??????漀渀最?夀堀?愀渀搀?娀栀愀漀?娀刀?????????攀琀攀洀漀爀瀀栀椀猀洀?漀昀?琀栀攀??甀愀渀瀀椀渀最??爀漀甀瀀?椀渀?琀栀攀?一漀爀琀栀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最???攀椀樀椀渀最???攀椀樀椀渀最?匀挀椀攀渀挀攀?愀渀搀?吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀?倀爀攀猀猀??椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀??戀爀?娀栀愀渀最?娀???椀?匀娀???愀漀?????匀漀洀攀爀瘀椀氀氀攀????娀栀愀漀?匀??愀渀搀?夀甀?匀??? ????伀爀椀最椀渀?漀昀?琀栀攀?一漀爀琀栀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?洀椀挀爀漀挀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀?愀渀搀?倀爀漀琀攀爀漀稀漀椀挀?最攀漀琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?琀栀攀??甀愀渀瀀椀渀最?伀挀攀愀渀??挀攀渀琀爀愀氀??栀椀渀愀??倀爀攀挀愀洀戀爀椀愀渀?刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀???????????????戀爀?娀栀愀渀最?娀儀?愀渀搀?娀栀愀渀最?儀?????????攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀?漀昀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀漀猀攀搀??愀琀攀?倀爀漀琀攀爀漀稀漀椀挀??甀愀渀瀀椀渀最?漀瀀栀椀漀氀椀琀攀?椀渀?琀栀攀?渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最???栀椀渀愀???挀琀愀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀?????匀甀瀀瀀氀?????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?娀栀愀漀?匀????椀?匀娀???椀甀?堀??匀愀渀琀漀猀栀????匀漀洀攀爀瘀椀氀氀攀??????愀漀?????夀甀?匀??娀栀愀渀最?娀?愀渀搀??甀漀?????? ????吀栀攀?渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀?戀漀甀渀搀愀爀礀?漀昀?琀栀攀?倀爀漀琀漀?吀攀琀栀礀猀?伀挀攀愀渀???漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀?昀爀漀洀?猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀?愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀?愀渀搀?唀?倀戀?稀椀爀挀漀渀?最攀漀挀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀?漀昀?琀栀攀?一漀爀琀栀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?吀攀爀爀愀渀攀???漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀??猀椀愀渀??愀爀琀栀?匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀????????? ?????戀爀?娀栀攀渀最?夀???娀栀漀甀?????圀甀?夀??愀渀搀?堀椀攀?娀??? ????漀眀?最爀愀搀攀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀挀?爀漀挀欀猀?椀渀?琀栀攀??愀戀椀攀?匀甀氀甀?伀爀漀最攀渀椀挀??攀氀琀????瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀?洀愀爀最椀渀?愀挀挀爀攀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀?眀攀搀最攀?搀攀昀漀爀洀攀搀?搀甀爀椀渀最?挀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀?猀甀戀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀???渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀??攀漀氀漀最礀?刀攀瘀椀攀眀?????????????????戀爀?娀栀甀?堀夀???栀攀渀??????椀?匀儀??夀愀渀最?夀娀??一椀攀????匀椀攀戀攀氀?圀?愀渀搀?娀栀愀椀?????? ?????爀甀猀琀愀氀?攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?琀栀攀?一漀爀琀栀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?琀攀爀爀愀椀渀?漀昀?琀栀攀?儀椀渀氀椀渀最?伀爀漀最攀渀???栀椀渀愀???瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀?昀爀漀洀?搀攀琀爀椀琀愀氀?稀椀爀挀漀渀?唀?倀戀?愀最攀猀?愀渀搀??昀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀椀挀?挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀???漀渀搀眀愀渀愀?刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀??? ?????????? ??戀爀?嬀?吀?崀?瀀???戀爀??鑻?捦??夀????潒???????謀????? ? ?????橛??葿厉???乎??伀刀?????晷??????????? ???? ???戀爀??鶞╛???敥??伀琀漀昀甀樀椀?夀??栀?蝣??? ??一?????腎ら块????こ??湏?????晹???????????????????戀爀?一???栀???甀????一?癳????襳??夀????歒???獽枂??瀀楑???? ??愀??栀????熐???????鹸譤?熐???靔?晙晛?? ??晹???????????????????戀爀?一???栀???甀????一?癳???獽枂????襳??夀????????一????开????? ??戀??栀????熐??愀??????鸠?譵?熐???靔?晙晛?? ??晹???????????????? ??戀爀?一???一?癳??甀????栀????歒????襳??謀?????????兟???陨??? ??挀??栀????熐??戀???一坓?薖?熐???靔?晙晛?? ??晹???????????? ??? ???戀爀?嬀?倀?崀一???栀???甀?????歒??夀???一?癳????襳???獽枂?????????乭???????? ??搀??栀????熐???嘀???缀坧????愀爀漀氀椀渀愀蔀?????靔?晙晛?? ??晹???????????? ???? ??嬀?倀崀?戀爀?一???甀????夀???豈????一?癳???歒???厐襦??阀螀???嘀?橾??????一靧???踀?????兟??瀀楑???? ??攀???驎齎祓????愀??????垖????婎????晷???????????????????戀爀?一驧靎???????謀????????????豜?檐???ぶ?????祑腲????と?暍?????????????????戀爀???敏??豈?酭????殏??謀?灟??? ??????偵?掀??????匀???葾?遒?鑓??? ????????? ?????????????戀爀??潒???????謀蕳???????? ??????????????讚?蔀?讚??瑷晎?癸?喏?癓葑?ゐ?????缀??晙晛?????晹???????????????????戀爀??潒??????????????????????????? ???????讚?蔀?讚??葷??????癓け???????晷????????????????????戀爀??歒??一????獽枂???卒╦???楒煠???????? ? ??倀??鹸?熐??癓???打祟腲?葎???????晷????????????????? ??戀爀??纖瑧??一g摠??謀?????轟???斐????????? ????????熐??饓潛????蹜典??瑷葞人?癸????晷????????????????? ??戀爀??????一驧???一????谀????謀桳虑??????????????垈?????歠煰?葜?豎??ぷ??晓祛腲??缀?こ??晹???????????????戀爀??????謀????一?絒????蕬???螞????楟????也??? ? ?????煎?坜著葶???晷祛腲?癓??????ざ??????????????????戀爀??????謀????一?絒??需????开獬???侞???赟???????蕖??? ?????孏煲葜?????卭??祒腲?葓????? ????????????? ???? ???戀爀?謀??????????????一?絒???螞???? ?愀???????熐??慑?膑蒉??葞祶腲?癓????缀??晙晛?????晹????????????????? ?戀爀?謀?????????謀????一?絒????蕬???????? ?戀????坭???葝??葞?打??瑎晎???????晹??鄀??????????????????戀爀?夀歛???一????夀?????????靟???????????罜豜?檐?长?鑲??N??镜葧瑶晎豛ご??晓?癸?? ????????????????????戀爀?舀蝭???謀?????????一?絒???????赟??謀???? ??????????葞葶??打?扎??荳?遒??????晙晛?????晹????????????? ?????戀爀?舀蝭???謀?????????一?絒??????? ??????瑴偺?吀????葞葶?禐腲?打????謀魓慒????? ?????????????? ?????戀爀?謀魳??謀即??? ????????一?獏??一≧??? ???????鞂???????穥???癓陋?熐屜?葵???????晹??鄀??????????????????戀爀??????謀???????脀乑???????? ????襩??葾??晒?????????????晹???呎?襩?葜??匀??癸????晷????????????????? ??戀爀??????栀???一睧畭?????????敢??? ????熐葜?龚??删??龚葓ぶ南????鹸?熐?虓????????? ?????戀爀??????謀??脀乑???????????? ????偵?掀??????匀??耀?????魒晒?癸?葎鑶?????晷????????????????????戀爀??梕???謀靳睛??????謀魳????邖???????靟????╙???? ?????熐??橛??葎?????葜????癓葑????? ??????????????????????戀爀?栀????轒敹????敢??????????????潎???纖???? ??????鹸?熐????蕧?讚??岍???攀???????葷驶瑛?溋?? ?暍??????????????????戀爀?栀魧???辖摹??栀g鹎??一?虓??崀?獹??? ? ???け?????????啷?倀戀琀葞????ぜ南??????屭?豵????岍?葵?喋????晷????????????????? ??戀爀??????栀??????????一坓豓乔??垖??饵葛こ??葓????? ?楴?晴??????????????? ??戀爀?嬀?倀?崀????开虛??踀?獗?夀??栀?暟??覐靛????????熐?葞?熐???癓?魒晒祛腲?????晹??鄀??????????????? ?戀爀?嬀?倀崀??????????脀暈???阀蚀襞??? ?????熐?????魒晒???????晹????戀爀?????謀????謀即榐???????舀蝭???一?絒??? ??????玖??虙???葞??打葟?譮慓???????晙晛?????晹????????????? ???? ????????戀爀???罛?????????????敦??甀傍????????????橛???ろ??????????晹聛?????戀爀??靟???????????????婜??橛????????歠煰?葜ぶ??晓祛腲????晷??????鸀???????????
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 6972
- PDF下载数: 6166
- 施引文献: 0
下载: