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| 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘非灌溉条件下梭梭[（Haloxylon ammodendron）]蒸腾耗水特征 | |
| 引用本文： | 曹晓明,陈曦,王卷乐,王权,王珊珊.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘非灌溉条件下梭梭[（Haloxylon ammodendron）]蒸腾耗水特征[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):292-302. |
| 作者姓名： | 曹晓明 陈曦 王卷乐 王权 王珊珊 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐,830011 3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 4. 静冈大学农学部,日本,4228529 |
| 基金项目： | 环保公益性行业科研专项项目，国家基金委重点基金项目，国家科技基础性工作专项项目 |
| 摘 要： | 利用热平衡包裹式茎流计连续测定了古尔班通古特沙漠南缘原生梭梭2010年5月6日～10月12日的茎干液流及气象因子数据，探究了非灌溉条件下不同直径梭梭在其蒸腾耗水特性及与气象因子相关性之间的差异。结果表明：（1）茎干液流昼夜变化规律明显，蒸腾日变化呈双峰或多峰趋势，夜间保持较小液流；午休现象多出现于14∶00～16∶00。相同环境因子影响下，直径越大，茎干液流速率越大，午休现象也越明显；（2）在生长季，不同直径梭梭液流的启动和停止时间存在差异，6～8月，直径越大，液流启动时间越早，停止时间越晚。同一植株液流在不同月份的启动和停止时间差异较大，生长初期，液流启动早，停止迟；生长季末期，液流启动迟，停止早；（3）5～8月，液流日累积过程呈明显的“S”型趋势；9～10月，呈斜率一致的一条直线。直径越大，日累积量和累积速率越大，第一拐点到达时刻越早，第二拐点到达时刻越晚；（4）液流速率与太阳辐射的相关性最好，其次为气温和相对湿度，风速最小；相关性在7月份最大，6月和8月次之，10月最小。相同环境条件下，直径越大，其液流速率对气象因子的响应越明显；（5）观测时段内，7月耗水最多，6月、8月、9月次之，5月和10月最少。直径越大耗水量越多，直径9.9、13.4、22.9 cm日均耗水量为0.570、0.595、0.694 mm，总耗水量为92.904、96.923、113.052 mm，液流通量为0.263、0.284、0.346 L·cm-2·d-1。与干旱区不同生境的梭梭相比，古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭的液流通量相对较小。不同地点和生境的梭梭在耗水数量、耗水日过程特性等方面差异明显，这为天然荒漠植被防护林的管理及沙漠区人工灌溉植物的水资源合理配置提供了一定的决策支持。 |
| 关 键 词： | 古尔班通古特沙漠 梭梭 茎干液流 蒸腾耗水 气象因子 茎流热平衡技术 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-06-19; |
Water consumption and transpiration of non-irrigated Haloxylon ammodendron in hinterland of Taklimakan Desert |
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| CAO Xiao-ming,CHEN Xi,WANG Juan-le,WANG Quan,WANG Shan-shan.Water consumption and transpiration of non-irrigated Haloxylon ammodendron in hinterland of Taklimakan Desert[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(2):292-302. | |
| Authors: | CAO Xiao-ming CHEN Xi WANG Juan-le WANG Quan WANG Shan-shan |
| Affiliation: | （1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;3 Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan） |
| Abstract: | Water consumption and transpiration of non-irrigated Haloxylon ammodendron] in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert was studied based on the stem sap flow measured by Sakuratani stem flow gauge，and the corresponding meteorological data measured by a weather link. The results show that，the stem sap flow exhibits a bi-peaked or multi-peaked curve，with lower values at night than during the day. The ambiguous noon-depression phenomenon usually occurs during 14∶00～16∶00 from mid-May to the early September. Under the same environmental conditions，the larger the stem diameter，the larger the stem sap flow，and the more obvious the ambiguous noon-depression phenomenon. The daily changes of the sap flow are highest in June and lowest in September. There are differences in the monthly mean value in different plants，which may result from the differences in the crown and the number of assimilation organ. In the growing season，there are differences between the start and stop time of the stem sap flow. From June to August，the larger the stem diameter，the earlier the start time and the later the stop time is. There are also differences between the start and stop time of the same plant. The stem sap flow starts earlier and stops later in the beginning of the growing season and adversely at the end. The daily accumulation shows an “S” trend between May and the end of August，and shows a straight line with the same slope in September and October. The larger the stem diameter，the larger the daily water use and the accumulative rate are. The sap flow is influenced by meteorological factors，it is positively correlated with solar radiation，air temperature and wind speed，and negatively correlated with the air relative humidity，in which the solar radiation has the greatest impact on the sap flow （Rmax=0.906）]. Under the same environmental condition，the larger the stem diameter，the better the correlation is. The correlation is the largest water use in July，and least in May and October. The larger the stem diameter，the more the water consumption is. The average daily water use of three individuals of Haloxylon ammodendron] with a diameter of 9.9，13.4 and 22.9 cm is 0.570、0.295、0.694 mm，respectively，amounting to an annual water consumption of 92.904、96.923 and 113.052mm. The water use in the study area is less than that in other ecology environment，which implies the widely plasticity in the ecological water requirement. It would be the first choice to use Haloxylon ammodendron] as the ecological restoration and reconstruction shrubs in the arid land. Moreover，there are obvious differences in the water use，the daily course，the correlation between the stem sap flow and the meteorological factors，which provides decision support in the management and the allocation of water resources for desert vegetation. |
| Keywords: | the Gurbantunggut Desert aloxylon ammodendron he stem sap flow ranspiration eteorological factors he stem heat balance method |
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