| 覆盖区矿产综合预测思路与方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 成秋明.覆盖区矿产综合预测思路与方法[J].地球科学,2012,37(6):1109-1125. |
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| 作者姓名： | 成秋明 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | "覆盖区矿产综合预测"计划项目，国土资源部公益性行业科研专项，地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室科技部专项经费资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 围绕覆盖区矿产综合预测的基本思路和关键方法问题，讨论了非线性矿产预测理论和方法如何在覆盖区矿产综合预测中发挥作用，重点介绍了成矿奇异性理论与非线性矿产预测方法在覆盖区矿产预测“弱信息”提取、“复合叠加信息”分解、“缺失和不完整信息”融合等关键问题中的应用.结合正在实施的中国地质调查局“覆盖区矿产综合预测”计划项目，介绍了三方面的研究进展:(1)覆盖层中地球化学元素迁移机理与覆盖层对地表地球化学异常的屏蔽和衰减作用；(2)如何识别由于覆盖层影响而造成的“弱”且“复杂”的地球化学异常；(3)如何综合具有缺失或不完整的多元勘查信息以达到提高覆盖区矿产综合预测精度、降低预测不确定性的目的.以东天山戈壁沙漠覆盖区海相火山岩型铁矿、大兴安岭南部草原覆盖区铁多金属矿、武夷山层控矽卡岩型铁矿等矿床预测为例，介绍了综合预测方法的应用过程和应用效果.研究结果表明，奇异性理论和分析方法可以有效地用于提取水系沉积物地球化学和地球物理(重、磁)弱异常，合理分解复合叠加异常，在此基础上，采用地球化学和地球物理异常的数据融合技术，分别建立了推断铁镁质火山岩、中酸性侵入岩、矽卡岩和热液蚀变等成矿或控矿地质要素的综合信息模型，以及基于综合预测要素建立的覆盖区矿产预测后验概率证据权模型和模糊逻辑模型.应用结果显示，介绍的预测方法不仅可以在出露区圈定成矿远景区，而且在戈壁沙漠覆盖区及第三、第四系松散沉积物覆盖区等均可圈出具有重要资源潜力的远景区，这些远景区往往会被传统的预测方法所遗漏.
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| 关 键 词： | 覆盖区 矿产勘查 地理信息系统(GIS) 非线性方法 地球化学异常 成矿预测 矽卡岩型矿床 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-10-22 |
Ideas and Methods for Mineral Resources Integrated Prediction in Covered Areas |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, it is shown that the element concentration in the stream sediments in the covered areas can be very low due to decay and mask effects even if a thin layer of overburden exists. The examples introduced in the paper for prediction of mineral deposits of skarn types have demonstrated that the nonlinear singularity and generalized self-similarity theories and methods can be used to map anomalies for locating undiscovered mineral deposits in areas covered by transported regolith. Three main aspects of difficulties facing mineral exploration and mineral deposit prediction in covered areas are discussed in the paper which include weak anomalies detection and recognition, decomposition of complex and mixing anomalies due to multiple geo-processes, and application of evidential layers with missing or incomplete information due to covers. Various models have been proposed for prediction of various objects including felsic intrusions, skarn and hydrothermal alterations and local geochemical anomalies. Several datasets, including 1∶200 000 scale geological maps, stream sediment geochemical data, aeromagnetic and gravity data were applied for delineation of potential target areas for Fe mineral deposits of volcanic skarn and hydrothermal types in the areas covered by desert and Ternary to Quaternary sediments. |
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