New progress of marine hydrocarbon geological theory in China
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摘要:
近年来中国海相油气勘探呈现出快速发展势头，一批大型海相油气田被发现，海相油气的地位也愈来愈受到重视。特别是在海相石油地质新理论的指导下，海相油气勘探将进入高速发展时期，这也将会极大缓解东部陆相盆地老油区的勘探开发压力。海相石油地质新理论包括三个方面：在成烃方面，研究认为中国海相不缺乏高有机质丰度的泥质烃源岩，纯碳酸盐岩生烃能力有限；深埋高温下原油裂解成气和高演化阶段的海陆过渡相煤系烃源岩是海相天然气的主力气源；在低地温梯度和晚期深埋条件下，原油的稳定性较高，塔里木盆地液相石油可以赋存在9000m以上的储集层中，因此，塔里木盆地深层石油的勘探潜力很大。在储层方面，TSR溶蚀改造储层在深部更强烈、层间岩溶和顺层岩溶不受埋深限制或影响不明显，将解放深部碳酸盐岩的勘探。在油气成藏方面，大面积、准层状、连续型、缝洞型等油气富集模式的提出，拓展油气勘探的范围、降低了勘探成本；一批古老油藏的发现，提高了在构造复杂区寻找原生型海相油藏的信心。研究认为，近期海相勘探，围绕隆起斜坡部位勘探为主，主体勘探深度可以下移至9000m。
Abstract:In recent years, hydrocarbon prospecting in China marine basin progressed quickly and discoverd series of marine oil filed, marine oil and gas is now playing a more important role. Especially, under the guide of new hydrocarbon geological theory of marine basin, exploration of marine oil and gas will enter a high-speeding development period, by which the pressure of eastern terrestrial facies basins prospecting and exploitition will be eased greatly. New hydrocarbon geological theory of marine basin contains three aspects. In the aspect of hydrocarbon productivity, China marine sedimentary basins are not lack of high-TOC argillaceous source rocks but the hydrocarbon productivity of pure carbonate is limited; marine gases mainly originated from oil-cracking gas in deep reservoirs under high temperature and coal formations of transitional facies under high evolutionary phase; under low geothermal gradient and deepseated condition, crude oil of Tarim basin can exist in the reservoirs buried below 9000m, the prospecting potentiality of Tarim Basin is great. In the aspect of reservoirs, intensely alterlating by TSR in depth and the development of interstratal karst and veneering karst expanded the prospecting of carbonate reservoirs. According to the aspect of hydrocarbon accumulation, the proposal of the large area, quasi-layerd, sequential distributed and fracture-cavern accumulation models expanded the hydrocarbon exploration area and decreases the exploration cost; the discovery of series of old aged reservoirs has enhanced geologists' faith to seek primary type oil reservoirs in complex structure area. Our studies suggest that the main exploration area can extend to the depth of 9000m around the uplift slope.
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图 1
中国海相烃源岩发育的主要环境和岩性(据张水昌等，2007)
Figure 1.
The main environment and lithology of the marine hydrocarbon source rocks,China(after Zhang et al.，2007)
图 2
中国海相盆地烃源岩有机质分布简图
Figure 2.
The organic matter distribution histogram of Chinese marine basin hydrocarbon source rocks
图 3
腐殖煤、海相源岩干酪根H/C原子比随成熟度的变化(据陈建平等，2007)
Figure 3.
The relationship between H/C atom ratio of the humic coal,marine hydrocabon source rocks kerabitumen and the maturity(after Chen et al.，2007)
图 4
芳环脱甲基形成甲烷过程示意图(据McNeil and BeMent，1996)
Figure 4.
The sketch map of the process with aromatic ring's demethylation changing into methane(after McNeil and BeMent，1996)
图 5
塔里木盆地塔深1井储集空间特征(据孟祥豪等，2010)
Figure 5.
The reservoir characteristics of the TS1 in Tarim basin(after Meng et al.,2010)
图 6
川东北飞仙关组-长兴组储层岩心照片
Figure 6.
The photograph of the core from the Feixianguan Formation-Changxing Formation in the northestern Sichuan
图 7
川东北飞仙关组各井储层孔隙度垂向分布特征与测试数据
Figure 7.
The vertical distribution character of the resevoir porosity and the test result from the wells of the Feixianguan Formation-Changxing Formation in the northestern Sichuan
图 8
川东北飞仙关组-长兴组气藏各井压力系数等值线图
Figure 8.
The pressure contour diagram of the wells from the gas reservior of the Feixianguan Formation-Changxing Formation in the northestern Sichuan
图 9
川东北飞仙关组-长兴组气藏各井硫化氢含量等值线图(%)
Figure 9.
The content contour diagram of the H2S from the gas reservior of the Feixianguan Formation-Changxing Formation in the northestern Sichuan(%)
图 10
川东北飞仙关组-长兴组储集岩溶蚀前后孔隙度、渗透率变化特征
Figure 10.
The change characteristic of the porosity and permeability before and after the reservoir corrosion of the Feixianguan Formation-Changxing Formation in the northestern Sichuan
图 11
碳酸盐岩地层流体演化与储层孔隙度演化模式图
Figure 11.
The mode chart of the formation fluid evolution and reservoir porosity evolution in carbonate rock
图 12
塔里木盆地塔中奥陶系鹰山组层间岩溶储集层发育特征
Figure 12.
The characteristic of interstratal karst reservoir from Yingshan Formation of Ordovician in Tazhong area of Tarim Basin
图 13
塔北大面积准层状油气藏剖面图及油气水产能分布特征
Figure 13.
The large quasi-layered reservoir profiles and the distribution of hydrocarbon deliverability in Tabei area
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