| 地基双波段测云系统及其对比试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡树贞,马舒庆,陶法,秦勇,郭伟,温显罡.地基双波段测云系统及其对比试验[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(4):441-450. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡树贞 马舒庆 陶法 秦勇 郭伟 温显罡 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.成都信息工程学院，成都 610225 |
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| 基金项目： | 资助项目：中国气象局新技术推广项目“双成像云底高度测量技术和方法推广应用”（CAMTG2010Z06） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对地基测云系统中云在可见光波段与红外波段中表现出的不同特性，用双站数字式云高仪所测云高进行标校，结合地面实时观测天顶红外辐射亮温及地面环境参数，分析地面到云层底大气对红外辐射亮温的影响，从中发现利用天空红外辐射亮温来遥感云底高度的可行性，研发地基双波段测云系统。该系统以对流层大气的垂直温度递减率为理论基础，建立云层底到地面的温度递减梯度参数K，根据递减梯度参数反演天顶方向的云高。该算法不依赖于探空数据，通过实时定标形式得出符合仪器所在地的云底高反演公式。通过与维萨拉激光云高仪CL31进行数据对比分析得出，地基双波段测云系统反演结果具有较高的准确性。
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| 关 键 词： | 云底高度 红外亮温 地基遥感 双站数字式云高仪 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011-10-25 |
Ground based Dual band Cloud Observing System and Its Comparative Experiments |
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| Hu Shuzhen,Ma Shuqing,Tao F,Qin Yong,Guo Wei and Wen Xiangang.Ground based Dual band Cloud Observing System and Its Comparative Experiments[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2012,23(4):441-450. |
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| Authors: | Hu Shuzhen Ma Shuqing Tao F Qin Yong Guo Wei and Wen Xiangang |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 6102252.CMA Meteorological Observation Center, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | Clouds affect the energy balance of the earth by means of absorbing and scattering radiation, and they have influences on global climate. Precipitation of clouds is the most familiar way for the earth water circulation. In the macroscopic parameters of clouds, cloud cover and cloud base height are the primary elements in the observation of clouds, where the cloud base height condition determines cloud classification and precipitation probability. However, artificial visual observation is the main method used in China at present, which are not objective and waste a mass of work force. Therefore, the research and development of an automatic measuring cloud device is extremely necessary.A ground based cloud observing system consists of an infrared temperature measuring sensor and a double location digital ceilometer. The double location digital ceilometer calculates the cloud height of zenith by geometry method at regular time, and the infrared temperature measuring sensor acquires brightness temperature of atmospheric radiation in real time. Based on the different characteristics of visible and infrared cloud images, the height of clouds is derived and tested by the double location digital ceilometer, combined with real time observation of zenith single point infrared brightness temperature and ground environmental parameters. The influence of sub cloud air from ground to clouds bottom on infrared brightness temperature is analyzed, showing the feasibility of cloud base height remote sensing by ground based sky infrared brightness temperature. The result shows that for low and middle clouds, the sky radiation brightness temperature of ground based observation is relatively sensitive to the variation of cloud base height, therefore it can be used to estimate cloud base height. On the basis of decreasing principle of tropospheric vertical temperature, the temperature decreasing gradient parameter K from cloud base to the ground is defined and according to the decreasing gradient parameter inverse the cloud height of zenith direction. The algorithm does not depend on the air sounding data, and the formula of cloud base height is derived in practice. Double location digital ceilometer can measure a cloud height only when the bottom of the cloud has texture, and then K can be calculated, therefore the double location digital ceilometer is a calibration device in the ground based measuring cloud system.Experimental observation has been performed using dual band cloud observation system in the synthesize experiment base of CMA Meteorological Observation Center since July 2010, and cloud height data of the zenith is acquired each minute. Through the comparative data analysis with Vaisala CL31, ground based dual band cloud observation systems can provide results with high accuracy. |
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| Keywords: | cloud base height infrared brightness temperature ground based remote sensing double location digital ceilometer |
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