| 中国盆地铀资源概述 |
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| 引用本文： | 焦养泉,吴立群,荣辉,张帆.中国盆地铀资源概述[J].地球科学,2021,46(8):2675-2696. |
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| 作者姓名： | 焦养泉 吴立群 荣辉 张帆 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2018YFC0604202中国地质大学（武汉）学科杰出人才基金项目102-162301192664中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目HDKY2002050103中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目HDKY0506-2中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目2006024016中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目2011026330中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目201150中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目2014024063中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目2016026329中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目2018026389 |
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| 摘 要： | 近20多年来，我国在北方6大沉积盆地中陆续发现了系列大型和超大型砂岩型铀矿床，丰富的资源量昭示了沉积盆地是一个巨大的促使铀汇聚的化学反应器.然而，盆地中的铀矿床类型远不止于砂岩型一种，它们一并构成了宝贵的盆地铀资源.将在沉积盆地发展演化过程中，受沉积、成岩和构造作用制约而促使铀富集形成的系列铀矿床，统称为盆地铀资源.充分考虑铀成矿作用的关键制约要素和矿床形成的发育时序，将盆地铀资源划分为同沉积型、不整合型和成岩型三大类13个亚类型矿床.在盆山耦合的构造体制驱动下，铀的变价属性是铀大尺度循环（汇聚与分散）的基础，这使得各种铀矿床之间既具有成因联系又能相互转化.我国已探明盆地铀资源的矿床成因类型、时空分布和资源量规模极不均衡，但是北方砂岩型铀矿床和南方碳硅泥岩型铀矿床构成了盆地铀资源的主体，从而具有“一北一南”、“一陆一海”、“一新一老”的基本格局.目前，北方砂岩型铀矿是我国勘查和开发的重点，然而铀储层结构和物质成分的非均质性极大，地浸采铀技术亟需革新以适宜多数砂岩型铀矿床的开发.同时，需要在新地区、新层位发现更多新类型铀矿床，还需要依赖技术研发盘活已发现的以南方碳硅泥岩型铀矿床为代表的“超低孔渗”、“富有机质”、“深埋藏”的系列“呆矿”.
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| 关 键 词： | 盆地铀资源 矿床分类 成因联系 时空分布格局 勘查开发潜力 矿床学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-26 |
Review of Basin Uranium Resources in China |
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| Jiao Yangquan,Wu Liqun,Rong Hui,Zhang Fan.Review of Basin Uranium Resources in China[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2021,46(8):2675-2696. |
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| Authors: | Jiao Yangquan Wu Liqun Rong Hui Zhang Fan |
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| Abstract: | In the past 20 years,a series of large and super-large sandstone type uranium deposits have been discovered in six sedimentary basins in the northern China. The abundant uranium resources indicate that the sedimentary basin is a huge chemical reactor for uranium concentration. However,the types of uranium deposits in the basin are far more than sandstone type,which together constitute valuable uranium resources in the basin. In the course of development and evolution of sedimentary basins,a series of uranium deposits restricted by sedimentation,diagenesis and tectonism are collectively referred to as basin uranium resources. Fully considering the key constraints of uranium mineralization and the development sequence of deposit formation,the uranium resources in the basin can be divided into three categories,i.e.,synsedimentary type,unconformity type and diagenetic type,and 13 subtypes. Driven by the tectonic system of basin mountain coupling,the variable valence property of uranium is the basis of large-scale uranium cycle (convergence and dispersion),which makes various uranium deposits have genetic connection and mutual transformation. The genetic type,spatial and temporal distribution and resource scale of uranium resources in proven basins in China are extremely unbalanced. However,uranium resources in the basin show the basic pattern of "one north and one south","one land and one sea" and "one new and one old",with sandstone type uranium deposits dominating in the north and carbonaceous siliceous mudstone type uranium deposits dominating in the south. At present,sandstone type uranium deposits in northern China are the focus of exploration and development in China. However,the heterogeneity of uranium reservoir structure and material composition requires that in-situ leaching uranium mining technology needs to be innovated to suit the development of most sandstone type uranium deposits. At the same time,it needs to find more new types of uranium deposits in new areas and new horizons,and needs to rely on technological research and development to activate the discovered series dead mines of "ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability","rich organic matter" and "deep buried depth" represented by the southern carbonaceous siliceous mudstone type uranium deposits. |
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