| 试论国内外大型超大型锂辉石矿床的特殊性与找矿方向 |
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| 引用本文： | 王登红,刘丽君,代鸿章,刘善宝,侯江龙,吴西顺.试论国内外大型超大型锂辉石矿床的特殊性与找矿方向[J].地球科学,2017,42(12):2243-2257. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王登红 刘丽君 代鸿章 刘善宝 侯江龙 吴西顺 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所国土资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室, 北京 100037 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局“大宗急缺矿产和战略性新兴产业矿产调查”工程“川西甲基卡大型锂矿资源基地综合调查评价”项目DD20160055中国地质调查局中国矿产地质与成矿规律综合集成和服务（矿产地质志）项目DD20160346华南重点矿集区稀有稀散和稀土矿产调查”项目DD20160056国家重点研发计划“锂能源金属矿产基地深部探测技术示范”项目“我国锂能源金属成矿规律、靶区优选与重点查证”课题2017YFC0602701 |
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| 摘 要： | 锂辉石矿床是锂矿的重要类型，但曾经因为开采成本高于盐湖提锂而被停止勘查.近年来随着新兴产业快速发展对锂的需求成倍增长，对锂辉石的重新开采已经成为锂资源的重要来源.通过对国内外7个大型超大型锂辉石矿床一些成矿特点的归纳总结，认为大规模的锂辉石成矿作用总是伴有一定的特殊性，如:伟晶岩型的锂辉石矿床可以产出在基性岩而不局限于花岗岩、片麻岩、片岩等常见的围岩中；锂辉石在伟晶岩中可以是粗晶的，也可以是细晶的；含锂辉石的伟晶岩脉可以是分带性良好的，也可以是分带性很差的；矿脉的形态可以是简单的板状体也可以是极其复杂的；成矿时代可以老到太古宙也可以晚到新生代；成矿构造环境可以是稳定的地台区也可以是构造活跃的喜马拉雅造山带.从容矿围岩特殊性、成矿时代特殊性、构造背景特殊性、矿化分带特殊性等方面探讨了大型超大型锂辉石矿床的找矿方向，指出，在找矿的过程中不能局限于花岗岩体的周边，也不能只以古老地台区的西澳的格林布什或北美的坦科为唯一模板，更不能只想到新疆可可托海的复杂性而忽略还有四川甲基卡、可尔因这样规模可十倍于大型矿床但形态却十分简单的超大型矿床的存在，找矿过程中也不能只考虑传统地质方法而要结合实际情况建立适当的物探化探等勘查模型.只要具体问题具体分析，拓展找矿思路，恰当使用勘查技术手段，要取得新的找矿突破是完全可能的.
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| 关 键 词： | 锂辉石 大型超大型矿床 找矿方向 成矿时代 成矿区带 矿床学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-04-02 |
Discussion on Particularity and Prospecting Direction of Large and Super-Large Spodumene Deposits |
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| Abstract: | The spodumene deposit is an important type of lithium ore deposit, but it's prospecting has been discontinued because of its higher cost than salt lake in extracting lithium. Recently, the demand for lithium has multiplied due to the rapid development of emerging industries, and the recovery of spodumene has become an important source of lithium resources. This article summarizes some metallogenic characteristics of seven large and super-large spodumene deposits at home and abroad, and it is concluded that certain particularities are always associated with large-scale spodumene mineralization. For example, spodumene ore deposit of pegmatite type can be hosted within basic rocks instead of granite, gneiss, schist and other common host rocks. The size of spodumene grain can be either coarse or fine in the pegmatite. The zonality of pegmatite veins containing spodemene can be of good or not. The shape of the pegmatite veins can be simple or extremely complex. The metallogenic epoch can be old to the Archean or be new to the Cenozoic. The metallogenic tectonic environment can be a stable platform or an active Himalayan orogenic belt. In this paper, the prospecting direction of large and super-large spodumene deposits is discussed in terms of the particularity of the host rock, the mineralization epoch, the tectonic background and the mineralization zonality and so on. It points out that prospecting can neither be confined to the periphery of granite rock mass, nor taking the Greenbushes in Western Australian or the Tanco in North American located in old platform as the only case. It can't only think about the complexity of Xinjiang Koktokey, and oversight other super-large deposits whose size can be ten times in large deposits but in simple form such as the Jiajika and the Ke'eryin pegmatite fields in Sichuan. Also, it can not only consider the traditional geological method but also combine the actual situation to establish proper geophysical and geochemical prospecting models. As long as the specific problem is analyzed, the prospecting method is expanded, the exploration technique is used properly, it is completely possible to obtain a new prospecting breakthrough. |
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