Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and in-situ Hf isotope of the Maiga batholith in Coqen, Tibet: Constraints on the petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous granitoids in the central Lhasa Terrane
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摘要:
西藏中部拉萨地块大规模早白垩世花岗岩类的岩浆源区和岩石成因迄今尚未得到很好约束，对这些问题的深入理解将有助于揭示拉萨地块白垩纪时期的岩浆作用过程及成矿背景。本文报道了中部拉萨地块代表性花岗岩基--措勤麦嘎岩基的锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩元素地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素数据。本文锆石U-Pb定年结果表明，麦嘎岩基花岗质岩主要侵位于122±1Ma和113±2Ma，闪长质包体与后者同期 (113±2Ma)。122±1Ma花岗质岩属I型弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列，(87Sr/86Sr)i值高 (0.7147)，全岩εNd(t)(-12.0) 和锆石εHf(t)(-15.7~-11.1) 为较大的负值，表明其很可能来源于古老下地壳物质的重熔。113±2Ma寄主花岗质岩为I型偏铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列，相对于122±1Ma花岗质岩石，其 (87Sr/86Sr)i比值偏低 (0.7094~0.7156)、全岩εNd(t) 值 (-12.1~-7.3) 和锆石εHf(t) 值 (-11.1~0.1) 较高，很可能来源于古老下地壳物质的部分熔融，并含有更多幔源物质。闪长质包体 (113±2Ma) 为偏铝质中-高钾钙碱性系列，以变化范围大的 (87Sr/86Sr)i(0.7058~0.7105)、负的全岩εNd(t) 值 (-10.7~-9.8) 及负的锆石εHf(t) 值 (-14.0~-5.6) 为特征，可能是古老富集岩石圈地幔物质部分熔融的产物或亏损地幔物质经历强烈地壳混染作用的结果。在目前已有资料条件下 (缺乏同期基性岩石的相关数据)，本文暂将麦嘎岩基113±2Ma寄主花岗质岩及同期闪长质包体解释为镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆发生不同程度岩浆混合作用的产物，这一解释可能对中部拉萨地块同期花岗类的岩石成因具普遍意义。麦嘎岩基及中部拉萨地块同期岩浆岩约113Ma幔源物质增加现象，可能是南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈板片断离的结果。
Abstract:The magma source and petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous granitoids, which widely exposed in the central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet, remain unconstrained so far. A better understanding of such issues will help us to reveal the magmatic processes and mineralization setting of the Lhasa Terrane during the Cretaceous. This paper reports zircon U-Pb age, whole-rock geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopic data and zircon Hf-isotope data from the Maiga batholith, which is one of the representative Early Cretaceous batholiths in the central Lhasa Terrane. Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the granitic rocks in the Maiga batholith were emplaced at 122±1Ma and 113±2Ma, respectively, in which the late phase is also the emplacement timing of the dioritic enclaves (113±2Ma) within this batholith. The ca. 122Ma granitic rocks are slightly peraluminous and high K calc-alkaline I-type granites and are characterized by high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7147) ratio, negative whole-rock εNd(t) (-12.0) value, and negative zircon εHf(t) (-15.7~-11.1) values, indicating that they were derived from antaxis of ancient lower crust materials. The 113±2Ma host granitoids are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and high K calc-alkaline I-type granite and exhibit low (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7094~0.7156), enhanced whole-rock εNd(t) (-12.1~-7.3), and zircon εHf(t) (-11.1~0.1) in relative to the 122±1Ma granitic rocks, suggesting that they were generated by partial melting of ancient lower crust with increased constributions from mantle-derived magmas. The 113±2Ma dioritic enclaves are metaluminous and medium-high K calc-alkaline and are characterized by a wide range of (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7058~0.7105) ratios, negative whole-rock εNd(t) (-10.7~-9.8) values, and zircon εHf(t) (-14.0~-5.6) values, indicating that these enclaves were derived from either partial melting of ancient enrichment lithospheric mantle materials or depleted mantle-derived melts that have mixed signicantly with mature continental ctustal materials. Considering the data currently available (e.g., the absence of data of coeval mafic rocks), the 113±2Ma granitoids (including host granites and coeval dioritic enclaves) in the Maiga batholith are tentatively interpreted as the consequences of varying extents of mixing between the continental crust-derived silicic melts and mantle-derived melts. Such interpretation may be applicable to the petrogenesis of the coeval granitoids in the central Lhasa Terrane. The increased contributions of mantle-derived materials at about 113Ma observed in the Maiga batholith and granitoids from other areas in the central Lhasa Terrane can be attributed to the slab break-off of the southward subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean seafloor.
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Key words:
- Geochemistry /
- Zircon U-Pb dating /
- Zircon Hf isotope /
- Dioritic enclave /
- Maiga batholith /
- Coqen, Tibet
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图 1
西藏高原构造单元图及措勤麦嘎岩基地质图
Figure 1.
Tectonic subdivision of the Tibetan Plateau and simplified geological map of the Maiga batholith, Coqen
图 2
麦嘎岩基花岗质岩石及闪长质包体的野外及岩相学照片
Figure 2.
Field and petrographical photos of granitoids and dioritic enclaves in the Maiga batholith
图 3
麦嘎岩基定年样品中的锆石CL图像和谐和图
Figure 3.
Cathodoluminescence (CL) images and concordia plots for zircons from the Maiga batholith
图 4
麦嘎岩基 (填充) 和中部拉萨地块其它地区 (未填充) 花岗质岩石与闪长质包体的地球化学图解
Figure 4.
Geochemical plots of granitoids and dioritic enclaves in the Maiga batholith (filled) and other areas of the central Lhasa Terrane (unfilled)
图 5
麦嘎岩基 (填充) 和中部拉萨地块其它地区 (未填充) 花岗质岩石与闪长质包体的选择性地球化学散点图 (图 5f据Zorpi et al., 1991)
Figure 5.
Selected geochemical plots of granitoids and dioritic enclaves in the Maiga batholith (filled) and other areas of the central Lhasa Terrane (unfilled) (Fig. 5f after Zorpi et al., 1991)
图 6
麦嘎岩基花岗质岩石 (a) 和闪长质包体 (b) 的微量元素蜘蛛图 (阴影部分为中部拉萨地块其它地区样品)(原始地幔标准化值及元素排序据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 6.
Trace elemental spidergrams of the analyzed samples from granitoids (a) and dioritic enclaves (b) in the Maiga batholith (other areas of the central Lhasa Terrane showing with shade) (Data for normalization and plotting order are after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 7
麦嘎岩基 (填充) 和中部拉萨地块其它地区 (未填充) 花岗质岩石与闪长质包体的εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i图
Figure 7.
εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i diagram of granitoids and dioritic enclaves in the Maiga batholith (filled) and other areas of the central Lhasa Terrane (unfilled)
图 8
麦嘎岩基锆石εHf(t) 值 (a)、锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄 (tDMC) 直方图 (b) 和εHf(t)-年龄图解 (c, 据Zhu et al., 2011a)
Figure 8.
Histograms of zircon εHf(t) (a), zircon Hf isotope crust model age (tDMC) (b) and εHf(t)-age (Ma) (c, after Zhu et al., 2011a) diagram for the Maiga batholith
图 9
麦嘎岩基 (填充) 和中部拉萨地块其它地区 (未填充) 花岗质岩石与闪长质包体的岩石成因判别图解
Figure 9.
Distrimination diagrams of petrogenetic types for granitoids and dioritic enclaves in the Maiga batholith (filled) and other areas of the central Lhasa Terrane (unfilled)
图 10
中部拉萨地块早白垩世时期构造岩浆演化示意图 (据Zhu et al., 2011a修改)
Figure 10.
Schematic illustration of the tectonomagmatic evolution of the central Lhasa Terrane during the Early Cretaceous time (modified after Zhu et al., 2011a)
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Zhu DC, Pan GT, Chung SL, Liao ZL, Wang LQ and Li GM. 2008a. SHRIMP zircon age and geochemical constraints on the origin of Early Jurassic volcanic rocks from the Yeba Formation, southern Gangdese in south Tibet. International Geology Review, 50(5): 442-471
Zhu DC, Pan GT, Wang LQ, Mo XX, Zhao ZD, Zhou CY, Liao ZL, Dong GC and Yuan SH. 2008b. Tempo-spatial variations of Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the Gangdise belt, Tibet, China, with a discussion of geodynamic setting-related issues. Geological Bulletin of China, 27(9): 1535-1550(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhu DC, Mo XX, Zhao ZD, Xu JF, Zhou CY, Sun CG, Wang LQ, Chen HH, Dong GC and Zhou S. 2008c. Zircon U-Pb geochronology of Zenong Group volcanic rocks in Coqen area of the Gangdese, Tibet and tectonic significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24(3): 401-412(in Chinese with Einglish abstract)
Zhu DC, Pan GT, Zhao ZD, Lee HY, Kang ZQ, Liao ZL, Wang LQ, Li GM, Dong GC and Liu B. 2009a. Early Cretaceous subduction-related adakite-like rocks in the Gangdese, south Tibet: Products of slab melting and subsequent melt-peridotite interaction? Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34: 298-309
Zhu DC, Mo XX, Niu YL, Zhao ZD, Wang LQ, Liu YS and Wu FY. 2009b. Geochemical investigation of Early Cretaceous igneous rocks along an east-west traverse throughout the central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. Chemical Geology, 268: 298-312
Zhu DC, Mo XX, Zhao ZD, Niu YL, Pan GT, Wang LQ and Liao ZL. 2009c. Permian and Early Cretaceous tectonomagmatism in southern Tibet and Tethyan evolution: New perspective. Earth Science Frontiers, 16(2): 1-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhu DC, Mo XX, Wang LQ, Zhao ZD, Niu YL, Zhou CY and Yang YH. 2009d. Petrogenesis of highly fractionated I-type granites in the Zayu area of eastern Gangdese, Tibet: Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes. Science in China (Series D), 52(9): 1223-1239
Zhu DC, Mo XX, Zhao ZD, Niu YL, Wang LQ, Chu QH, Pan GT, Xu JF and Zhou CY. 2010. Presence of Permian extension- and arc-type magmatism in southern Tibet: Paleogeographic implications. GSA Bull., 122: 979-993
Zhu DC, Zhao ZD, Niu YL, Mo XX, Chung SL, Hou ZQ, Wang LQ and Wu FY. 2011a. The Lhasa Terrane: Record of a microcontinent and its histories of drift and growth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 301: 241-255
Zhu DC, Zhao ZD, Niu YL, Dilek Y and Mo XX. 2011b. Lhasa Terrane in southern Tibet came from Australia. Geology, 39: 727-730
Zhu DC, Zhao ZD, Niu YL, Dilek Y, Hou ZQ and Mo XX. 2012. The origin and pre-Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Gondwana Research, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.02.002
Zhu JC, Zhang PH, Xie CF, Zhang H and Yang C. 2006. Magma mixing origin of the mafic enclaves in Lisong Granite, NE Guangxi, western Nanling Mountains. Geochimica, 35(5): 506-516(in Chinese with English abstract)
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