On Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity

ZENG Zhihua; Yuqing WANG; DUAN Yihong; CHEN Lianshou; GAO Zhiqiu

doi:10.1007/s00376-009-8209-1

ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES > 2010 > 27(2): 337-355. > DOI: 10.1007/s00376-009-8209-1 CSTR: 32096.14.s00376-009-8209-1

ZENG Zhihua, Yuqing WANG, DUAN Yihong, CHEN Lianshou, GAO Zhiqiu. 2010: On Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity. Adv. Atmos. Sci, 27(2): 337-355., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-8209-1

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On Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity

Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique, Shanghai Typhoon Institute/China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822,USA,National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081,The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

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Received Date: 09 March 2010
Revised Date: 09 March 2010

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Abstract

Abstract

A new parameterization scheme of sea surface momentum roughness length for all wind regimes, including high winds, under tropical cyclone (TC) conditions is constructed based on measurements from Global Positioning System (GPS) dropsonde. It reproduces the observed regime transition, namely, an increase of the drag coefficient with an increase in wind speed up to 40 m s-1, followed by a decrease with a further increase in wind speed. The effect of this parameterization on the structure and intensity of TCs is evaluated using a newly developed numerical model, TCM4. The results show that the final intensity is increased by 10.5% (8.9%) in the maximum surface wind speed and by 8.1 hPa (5.9 hPa) in the minimum sea surface pressure drop with (without) dissipative heating. This intensity increase is found to be due mainly to the reduced frictional dissipation in the surface layer and little to do with either the surface enthalpy flux or latent heat release in the eyewall convection. The effect of the new parameterization on the storm structure is found to be insignificant and occurs only in the inner core region with the increase in tangential winds in the eyewall and the increase in temperature anomalies in the eye. This is because the difference in drag coefficient appears only in a small area under the eyewall. Implications of the results are briefly discussed.
- sea surface roughness,
- tropical cyclone,
- tropical cyclone structure and intensity,
- drag coefficient,
- numerical model

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