冰川消融对气候变化的响应——以乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2007.0049

PDF(1997 KB)

冰川冻土 ›› 2007, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3) : 333-342. DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2007.0049 CSTR: 32264.14.j.issn.1000-0240.2007.0049

冰冻圈与全球变化

冰川消融对气候变化的响应——以乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例

李忠勤, 沈永平, 王飞腾, 李慧林, 董志文, 王文彬, 王林

作者信息 +

Response of Glacier Melting to Climate Change——Take Ürümqi Glacier No.1 as an Example

LI Zhong-qin, SHEN Yong-ping, WANG Fei-teng, LI Hui-lin, DONG Zhi-wen, WANG Wen-bin, WANG Lin

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目前气候变暖导致的冰川退缩,引起了广泛关注.以新疆天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例,根据1959年以来的观测资料,研究了冰川消融对气候变化的响应.结果表明:近50 a来冰川在表面粒雪特征、成冰带、冰川温度、面积、厚度及末端位置等方面发生了显著变化,而这些变化均与气温的升高有着密切的联系;冰川的退缩自20世纪80年代后,尤其是近10 a来出现了加速趋势.其原因除夏季气温升高外,还有两个重要因素,一是冰川温度升高造成冷储的减少,二是冰川表面反射率下降导致辐射能量接收的增强.冰川物质平衡在1986年之前由气温和降水共同决定,之后主要受气温控制.

Abstract

Current glacier recession under climate warming has drawn widely attention around the world.Initiated from 1958,the observations of Ürümqi Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of Ürümqi River in eastern Tianshan promise the best datasets of glacier and climate changes in China.Taking Ürümqi glacier No.1 as an example,this paper has analyzed the response of the glacier to the climate change.The results show that during the past 50 years,remarkable changes occurred on the glacier,including snow-firn stratigraphy,glacial zone,glacial temperature (borehole temperature),glacier area,and glacier terminus position etc.These changes are found to be closely related to temperature rise in this area.The glacier retreat appears throughout the entire observed time period and shows accelerated tendency during the last 20 years,particularly after 1995.In addition to summer temperature increase,other two reasons may also be response to the acceleration of glacier melting: one is the glacial temperature rise,which may reduce the cold reserve in the glacier and thus increase the sensitivity of the glacier to air temperature rise;the other is the decrease of albedo on the glacier surface,which evidently enhance absorption of radiation.It is also found that commonly determined by both precipitation and temperature,the mass balance can be determined only by air temperature if the temperature rises up to a certain level,even under a heavy precipitation background.In addition,this paper has also discussed the predication of future change of the glacier.

导出引用

李忠勤, 沈永平, 王飞腾, 李慧林, 董志文, 王文彬, 王林. 冰川消融对气候变化的响应——以乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(3): 333-342 https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2007.0049

LI Zhong-qin, SHEN Yong-ping, WANG Fei-teng, LI Hui-lin, DONG Zhi-wen, WANG Wen-bin, WANG Lin. Response of Glacier Melting to Climate Change——Take Ürümqi Glacier No.1 as an Example[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(3): 333-342 https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2007.0049

中图分类号： P343.6

参考文献

[1] Haeberli W,Barry R,Cihlar J.Glacier monitoring within the Global Climate Observing System[J].Annals of Glaciology,2000,31:241-246.
[2] Mark B D,Meier M F.Glaciers and the Changing Earth System:a 2004 Snapshot[M].University of Colorado at Boulder Press,2004:1-117.
[3] Raper S C B,Braithwaite R J.The potential for sea level rise:new estimates from glacier and ice cap area and volume distribution[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32 L05502,doi:1029/2004GL021981.
[4] Dyurgerov M B,Meier M F.Year-to-year fluctuations of global mass balance of small glaciers and their contribution to sea-level changes[J].Arctic and Alpine Research,2007,29(4):392-402.
[5] Kuhn M.Possible future contributions to sea level change from small glaciers[M] // Warrick,R A,Barrow,E H,Wigley,T M.Climate and Sea Level Change,Observations,Projections,and Implications.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003:134-143.
[6] Yao Tandong,Liu Shiyin,Pu Jianchen,et al.Recent glacial retreat in High-Asia in China and its impact on water resources in Northwest China[J].Science in China (Series D),2004,34(6):535-543.[姚檀栋,刘时银,蒲健辰,等.高亚洲冰川的近期退缩及其对西北水资源的影响[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(6):535-543.]
[7] Li Zhongqin,Han Tianding,Jing Zhefan,et al.A summary of 40-year observed variation facts of climate and Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of Ürümqi River,Tianshan,China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2003,25(2):117-123.[李忠勤,韩添丁,井哲帆,等.乌鲁木齐河源区气候变化和1号冰川40 a观测事实[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(2):117-123.]
[8] Jing Z F,Jiao K Q,Yao T D,et al.Mass balance and recession of Ürümqi glacier No.1,Tien Shan,China over the last 45 years[J].Annals of Glaciology,2006,43:214-217.
[9] Han T D,Ding Y J,Ye B S,et al.Mass-balance characteristics of Ürümqi Glacier No.1,Tien Shan,China[J].Annals of Glaciology,2006,43:323-328.
[10] Ye B S,Yang D Q,Jiao K Q,et al.The Ürümqi River source Ürümqi Glacier No.1,Tianshan,China:Changes over the past 45 years[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32,L21504,doi:10.1029/2005GL024178.
[11] Aizen V B,Aizen E M,Melack J.Climate,snow cover,glaciers and runoff in the Tien Shan[J].Water Resources Bulletin,1995,31(6):1-17.
[12] Aizen V B,Aizen E M,Melack J.Dozier climate and hydrologic changes in the Tien Shan,Central Asia[J].Journal of Climate,1997,10(6):1393-1404.
[13] Paterson W S B.The Physics of Glaciers,3rd Edition[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1994.
[14] Shumskii P A.Principles of Structural Glaciology (translated from the Russian by David Kraus)[M].New York:Dover Publications,1964.
[15] Xie Zichu,Huang Maohuan.A evolution of the snow-snow grains layer and ice formation in the Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the Ürümqi River,Tianshan[C] // An Studies of Glaciology and Hydrology on the Ürümqi River,Tianshan.Beijing:Science Press,1965:1-14.[谢自楚,黄茂恒.天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川雪-粒雪层的演变及成冰作用[C] // 天山乌鲁木齐河冰川与水文研究.北京:科学出版社,1965:1-14.]
[16] Wang Xiaojun,Wang Zhongxiang,Xie Zichu.A change trend of recent climatic on the Tianshan regions from the change of the past 28 years of the Glacier No.1 at the Ürümqi River headwater,Tianshan[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1988,9:693-696.[王晓军,王仲祥,谢自楚.从乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川二十八年来的变化看天山地区近期气候变化趋势[J].科学通报,1988,9:693-696.]
[17] Liu Chaohai,Xie Zichu,Wang Chunzu.A research on the mass balance processes of Glacier No.1at the headwaters of the Ürümqi River,Tianshan Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1997,19(1):17-24.[刘潮海,谢自楚,王纯足.天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡研究[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(1):17-24.]
[18] Li Chuanjin,Li Zhongqin,You Xiaoni,et al.Comparisons on physical features of Glacier No.1 in different time period at the headwaters of the Ürümqi River,Tianshan Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29:169-175.[李传金,李忠勤,尤晓妮,等.天山乌鲁木齐河源1 号冰川不同时期雪层剖面、成冰带特征及成冰年限对比[J].冰川冻土,2007,29:169-175.]
[19] Wang Feiteng,Li Zhongqin,You Xiaoni,et al.Snow to ice evolution process observation and study at percolation zone on Glacier No.1 at Ürümqi River Head,the east Tianshan,China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2006,28(1):45-53.[王飞腾,李忠勤,尤晓妮,等.天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川积累区表面雪层演化成冰过程的观测研究[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(1):45-53.]
[20] You Xiaoni,Li Zhongqin,Wang Feiteng.Study on time scale of snow-ice transformation through snow layer tracing method-Take Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of Ürümqi River as an example[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(6):853-860.[尤晓妮,李忠勤,王飞腾.利用雪层层位跟踪法研究暖型成冰作用的年限问题-以乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(6):853-860.]
[21] Li Xiangying,Li Zhongqin,You Xiaoni,et al.Study on ice formation zones and stratigraphy profiles of snow-pits on Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of Ürümqi River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2006,28(1):36-44.[李向应,李忠勤,尤晓妮,等.近期乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川成冰带及雪层剖面特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(1):36-44.]
[22] Li Zhongqin.A glacier melt water pool was discovered at summit of east branch of Glacier No.1 at Ürümqi River Head,Tianshan Mts.,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(1):150-153.[李忠勤.天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川东支顶部出现冰面湖[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(1):150-153.]
[23] Mikhalenko V N.Changes in Eurasian glaciation during the past century:glacier mass balance and ice-core evidence[J].Annals of Glaciology,1997,24:283-287.
[24] Liu Shiyin,Ding Yongjian,Wang Ninglian,et al.Mass balance sensitivity to climate change of the Glacier No.1 at the Ürümqi River Head,Tianshan Mts[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1998,20(1):9-13.[刘时银,丁永建,王宁练,等.天山乌鲁木齐河源1 号冰川物质平衡对气候变化的敏感性研究[J].冰川冻土,1998,20(1):9-13.]
[25] Yao Tandong.The relationship between glacial mass balance equilibrium line and climate-Take Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of Ürümqi River as an example[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1987,9 (4):290-300.[姚檀栋.冰川物质平衡、零平衡线及气候间的关系--以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例[J].冰川冻土,1987,9 (4):290-300.]
[26] Wang Ninglian.Grey relational analysis of the leading climatic factor influencing the changes of the equilibrium line[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1995,17(1):8-15.[王宁练.冰川平衡线变化的主导气候因子灰色关联分析[J].冰川冻土,1995,17 (1):8-15.]
[27] Yang Huian,Li Zhongqin,Ye Baisheng,et al.Study on mass balance and process of Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the Ürümqi River in the past 44 years[J].Arid Land Geography,2005,28(1):76-80.[杨惠安,李忠勤,叶柏生,等.过去44年乌鲁木齐河源一号冰川物质平衡结果及其过程研究[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(1):76-80.]
[28] Granshaw F.Glacier Change in the North Cascades National Park Complex,Washington USA,1958-1998[D].Portland,Oregon:Portland State University,2002:1-134.
[29] Jóhannesson T,Raymond C,Waddington E.Time-scale for adjustment of glaciers to change in mass balance[J].Journal of Glaciology,1989,35 (121):355-369.
[30] Li Huilin,Li Zhongqin,Shen Yongping,et al.Glacier dynamic models and their applicability for the glaciers in China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(2):201-208.[李慧林,李忠勤,沈永平,等.冰川动力学模式及其对中国冰川变化预测的适应性[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(2):201-208.]