Constraint on the genesis of Gutaishan gold deposit in central Hunan Province: Evidence from fluid inclusion and C-H-O isotopes
-
摘要: 古台山金矿是湘中盆地最典型的高品位石英脉型金矿床，主要赋存于新元古界和震旦系板岩-千枚岩中。为了探明古台山金矿的成矿物质和成矿流体来源，本次工作对其开展了详细的野外地质考察，对不同阶段石英进行了系统的包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温、激光拉曼探针及H-O同位素分析，对与金矿化密切相关的铁白云石进行了C-O同位素分析。包裹体岩相学及测温结果显示，不同阶段石英主要发育CO2三相和水溶液两相包裹体，金沉淀阶段CO2三相包裹体丰度最高，包裹体均一温度集中在180~320℃之间，盐度集中在0~13%NaCleqv之间。激光拉曼显示不同阶段石英包裹体成分主要为H2O、CO2及少量的CH4和N2。不同阶段石英的δ18OV-SMOW变化范围为15.6‰~17.9‰，对应的δ18OH2O变化范围为4.5‰~8.3‰，δDV-SMOW变化范围-78‰~-49‰，显示成矿过程中有岩浆水参与。铁白云石的δ13CPDB集中在-10.3‰~-8.6‰，δ18OV-SMOW分布在13.9‰~15.7‰之间，暗示成矿流体中的碳主要来自深部岩浆。流体不混溶、CH4气体存在、围岩及脉体发生硫化-碳酸盐化等因素是导致古台山矿床Au沉淀富集的重要机制。综合上述分析，推测古台山金矿可能是一个非典型的造山型金矿床。
-
关键词:
- 流体包裹体 /
- C-H-O同位素 /
- 矿床成因 /
- 古台山金矿床 /
- 湘中Au-Sb矿集区
Abstract: The Gutaishan high-grade gold deposit, located in the Xiangzhong basin, is hosted within Neoproterozoic to Sinian slate and phyllite rocks. Petrographic observation, microthermometric measurements, Raman spectroscopy and H-O isotopes on the fluid inclusions for different stages quartz from the Gutaishan Au deposit were carried out in this study, aiming to show new insights into the origin of ore-forming fluids and understand on ore genesis. Additionally, C-O isotopic analyses of representative hydrothermal ankerite samples were also presented. Fluid inclusions of different stages are generally characterized by two major types: carbon dioxide-bearing inclusions and brine inclusions, and the former type is of the highest abundance within the Au mineralization stage. The homogenization temperature and salinity range from 180℃ to 320℃, and 0 to 13%NaCleqv, respectively. Raman spectroscopy analyses show that H2O and CO2 are main components in the measured fluid inclusions, with minor CH4 and N2. δ18OV-SMOW, δ18OH2O and δDV-SMOW of quartz range from 15.6‰ to 17.9‰, 4.5‰ to 8.3‰, -78‰ to -49‰, respectively, indicating magmatic fluid was possible involved in the ore-forming process. Homogenized carbon (δ13CPDB=-10.3‰~-8.6‰) and oxygen (δ18OV-SMOW=+13.9‰~+15.7‰) of ankerite collectively suggest a magmatic source. Fluid immiscibility, existence of CH4, together with sulfidation and carbonation in the wallrock and veins, are the key factors to the precipitation of Au. These syntheses of available information lead to the proposal that the Gutaishan gold deposit may represent an atypical orogenic gold deposit. -
-
[1] Baker T. 2002. Emplacement depth and carbon dioxide-rich fluid inclusions in intrusion-related gold deposits. Economic Geology, 97(5):1111-1117
[2] Bao YH, Liu X and He BA. 2001. Metallogenic geological conditions of carbonaceous-siliceous-argillaceous rock-hosted gold deposits in central-Hunan and northern-Guangxi. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 25(4):456-463 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] Beeskow B, Treloar PJ, Rankin AH, Vennemann TW and Spangenberg J. 2006. A reassessment of models for hydrocarbon generation in the Khibiny nepheline syenite complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Lithos, 91(1-4):1-18
[4] Benning LG and Seward TM. 1996. Hydrosulphide complexing of Au (I) in hydrothermal solutions from 150~400℃and 500~1500bar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(11):1849-1871
[5] Bodnar RJ. 1993. Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl solutions.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57(3):683-684
[6] Cao MJ, Qin KZ, Li GM, Evans NJ and Jin LY. 2014. Abiogenic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of methane at the Baogutu reduced porphyry copper deposit, western Junggar, NW-China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 141:179-198
[7] Chen WF, Chen PR, Huang HY, Ding X and Sun T. 2007. Chronological and geochemical studies of granite and enclave in Baimashan pluton, Hunan, South China. Science in China (Series D), 50(11):1606-1627
[8] Chen XL, Jiang YH, Li SY and Liao HZ. 1983. A preliminary study on the origin of the Xikuangshan antimony deposit in Hunan. Geological Review, 29(5):486-492 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] Clayton RN, O'Neil JR and Mayeda TK. 1972. Oxygen isotope exchange between quartz and water. Journal of Geophysical Research, 77(17):3057-3067
[10] Cline JS, Hofstra AH, Muntean JL, Tosdal RM and Hickey KA. 2005. Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada:Critical geologic characteristics and viable models. In:Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume. Lancaster, Pa:Society of Economic Geologists, Inc., 451-484
[11] Collins PLF. 1979. Gas hydrates in CO2-bearing fluid inclusions and the use of freezing data for estimation of salinity. Economic Geology, 74(6):1435-1444
[12] Dai CH. 2000. Deposit-controlled chracteristics of NW-trending structure and prospecting significance about Au ores zone of Gutaishan-Gaojiaao. Hunan Geology, 19(2):105-110 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] Fan DL, Zhang T and Ye J. 2004. The Xikuangshan Sb deposit hosted by the Upper Devonian black shale series, Hunan, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 24(1-2):121-123
[14] Fiebig J, Woodland AB, D'Alessandro W and Püttmann W. 2009. Excess methane in continental hydrothermal emissions is abiogenic. Geology, 37(6):495-498
[15] Friedman I and O'Neil JR. 1977. Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest. In:Fleischer M (ed.). Data of Geochemistry. Washington:United States Government Printing Office, 440:1-12
[16] Fu SL, Hu RZ, Bi XW, Chen YW, Yang JH and Huang Y. 2015. Origin of Triassic granites in central Hunan Province, South China:Constraints for zircon U-Pb ages and Hf and O isotopes. International Geology Review, 57(2):97-111
[17] Goldfarb RJ, Baker T, Dubé B, Groves D, Hart C and Gosselin P. 2005. Distribution, character and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes. In:Hedenquist JW, Thompson JFH, Goldfarb RJ and Richards JP (eds.). Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume. Colorado, USA:Society of Economic Geologists, Inc., 407-450
[18] Goldfarb RJ and Santosh M. 2014. The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits:Are they unique? Geoscience Frontiers, 5(2):139-153
[19] Goldfarb RJ and Groves DI. 2015. Orogenic gold:Common or evolving fluid and metal sources through time. Lithos, 223:2-26
[20] Groves DI. 1993. The crustal continuum model for Late-Archaean lode-gold deposits of the Yilgarn block, Western Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 28(6):366-374
[21] Groves DI, Goldfarb RJ, Gebre-Mariam M, Hagemann SG and Robert F. 1998. Orogenic gold deposits:A proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geology Reviews, 13(1):7-27
[22] Groves DI and Santosh M. 2016. The giant Jiaodong gold province:The key to a unified model for orogenic gold deposits? Geoscience Frontiers, 7(3):409-417
[23] Hart CJR. 2007. Reduced intrusion-related gold systems. In:Goodfellow WD (ed.). Mineral Deposits of Canada:A Synthesis of Major Deposit Types, District Metallogeny, the Evolution of Geological Provinces, and Exploration Methods. Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication, 5:95-112
[24] Hedenquist JW and Henley RW. 1985. The importance of CO2 on freezing point measurements of fluid inclusions:Evidence from active geothermal systems and implications for epithermal ore deposition. Economic漠挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀?漀昀?栀礀搀爀漀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀?伀爀攀??攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?????????猀甀瀀?渀搀??猀甀瀀???搀椀琀椀漀渀??一攀眀?夀漀爀欀??漀栀渀?圀椀氀攀礀?愀渀搀?匀漀渀猀??? ??????戀爀?倀攀渀最??吀?????????漀氀搀?洀椀渀攀爀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀搀?椀琀猀?攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀?椀渀?琀栀攀?堀甀攀昀攀渀最?搀椀猀琀爀椀挀琀???甀渀愀渀???攀漀琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀愀?攀琀??攀琀愀氀氀漀最攀渀椀愀?????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?倀攀渀最??吀?愀渀搀??甀?刀娀??? ????愀爀戀漀渀?愀渀搀?漀砀礀最攀渀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀?猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀?椀渀?琀栀攀?堀椀欀甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀?最椀愀渀琀??渀琀椀洀漀渀礀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀??挀攀渀琀爀愀氀??甀渀愀渀???攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀?刀攀瘀椀攀眀???????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?倀攀渀最??吀???甀?刀娀??娀漀甀??儀?愀渀搀??椀甀??堀??? ????猀漀琀漀瀀攀?琀爀愀挀椀渀最?漀昀?漀爀攀?昀漀爀洀椀渀最?洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀?昀漀爀?琀栀攀?堀椀欀甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀??渀琀椀洀漀渀礀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀??挀攀渀琀爀愀氀??甀渀愀渀???挀琀愀??椀渀攀爀愀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀?????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?倀攀渀最??吀???甀?刀娀?愀渀搀??甀爀渀愀爀搀?倀???? ???匀愀洀愀爀椀甀洀?渀攀漀搀礀洀椀甀洀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀?猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀?漀昀?栀礀搀爀漀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀?挀愀氀挀椀琀攀猀?昀爀漀洀?琀栀攀?堀椀欀甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀?愀渀琀椀洀漀渀礀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀???甀渀愀渀???栀椀渀愀??吀栀攀?瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀?漀昀?挀愀氀挀椀琀攀?愀猀?愀?最攀漀挀栀爀漀渀漀洀攀琀攀爀???栀攀洀椀挀愀氀??攀漀氀漀最礀??? ??????????????戀爀?倀栀椀氀氀椀瀀猀??一?愀渀搀??瘀愀渀猀?????? ???刀漀氀攀?漀昀??伀?猀甀戀????猀甀戀??椀渀?琀栀攀?昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?最漀氀搀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀??一愀琀甀爀攀?????????????? ?????戀爀?倀栀椀氀氀椀瀀猀??一?愀渀搀?倀漀眀攀氀氀?刀??? ? ???漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?最漀氀搀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀???洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀挀?搀攀瘀漀氀愀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀?洀漀搀攀氀???漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀??攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀挀??攀漀氀漀最礀????????????????戀爀?倀漀欀爀漀瘀猀欀椀??匀??吀愀最椀爀漀瘀??刀??匀挀栀漀琀琀?????愀稀攀洀愀渀渀????愀渀搀?倀爀漀甀砀?伀??? ?????渀攀眀?瘀椀攀眀?漀渀?最漀氀搀?猀瀀攀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀?椀渀?猀甀氀昀甀爀?戀攀愀爀椀渀最?栀礀搀爀漀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀?昀氀甀椀搀猀?昀爀漀洀?椀渀?猀椀琀甀?堀?爀愀礀?愀戀猀漀爀瀀琀椀漀渀?猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀?愀渀搀?焀甀愀渀琀甀洀?挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀?洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最???攀漀挀栀椀洀椀挀愀?攀琀??漀猀洀漀挀栀椀洀椀挀愀??挀琀愀??????????? ???????戀爀?刀攀攀搀????愀渀搀?倀愀氀愀渀搀爀椀????? ???匀甀氀昀椀搀攀?洀椀渀攀爀愀氀?瀀爀攀挀椀瀀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀?昀爀漀洀?栀礀搀爀漀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀?昀氀甀椀搀猀??刀攀瘀椀攀眀猀?椀渀??椀渀攀爀愀氀漀最礀?愀渀搀??攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀????????? ??????戀爀?刀漀戀攀爀琀?????爀漀洀洀攀挀欀攀爀?刀???漀甀爀渀攀??吀???漀戀愀欀?倀????挀?眀愀渀?????刀漀眀攀?刀刀?愀渀搀?娀栀漀甀?堀??? ????漀搀攀氀猀?愀渀搀?攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀?洀攀琀栀漀搀猀?昀漀爀?洀愀樀漀爀?最漀氀搀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀?琀礀瀀攀猀??伀爀攀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?愀渀搀?攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀?琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀???渀??椀氀欀攀爀攀椀琀????攀搀????倀爀漀挀攀攀搀椀渀最猀?漀昀??砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀? ???椀昀琀栀??攀挀攀渀渀椀愀氀??渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀??漀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀?漀渀??椀渀攀爀愀氀??砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀??????????戀爀?匀愀甀渀搀攀爀猀??????漀昀猀琀爀愀??????漀氀搀昀愀爀戀?刀??愀渀搀?刀攀攀搀?????? ?????攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀?漀昀?栀礀搀爀漀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀?最漀氀搀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀???渀?匀挀漀琀琀?匀???攀搀????吀爀攀愀琀椀猀攀?漀渀??攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀????猀甀瀀?渀搀??猀甀瀀???搀椀琀椀漀渀???洀猀琀攀爀搀愀洀??氀猀攀瘀椀攀爀?????????????戀爀?匀琀??????眀攀????圀椀氀氀?吀??愀渀搀?娀栀漀甀?匀?????????伀渀?琀栀攀?琀椀洀椀渀最?爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀?戀攀琀眀攀攀渀?昀氀甀椀搀?瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀?愀渀搀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀猀洀?椀渀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀挀?瀀椀氀攀猀?匀漀洀攀?椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀?昀漀爀?琀栀攀?漀爀椀最椀渀?漀昀?瀀漀猀琀?洀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀椀挀?最漀氀搀?洀椀渀攀爀愀氀椀猀愀琀椀漀渀???愀爀琀栀?愀渀搀?倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀?匀挀椀攀渀挀攀??攀琀琀攀爀猀??????????????? ?戀爀?匀甀渀?吀??? ?????渀攀眀?洀愀瀀?猀栀漀眀椀渀最?琀栀攀?搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀猀?椀渀?匀漀甀琀栀??栀椀渀愀?愀渀搀?椀琀猀?攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀漀爀礀?渀漀琀攀猀???攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀??甀氀氀攀琀椀渀?漀昀??栀椀渀愀?????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?吀愀漀?夀???愀漀?娀????椀渀????愀渀搀?娀攀渀最?????? ???吀栀攀?漀爀椀最椀渀?漀昀?漀爀攀?昀漀爀洀椀渀最?昀氀甀椀搀?漀昀?堀椀欀甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀?琀礀瀀攀?愀渀琀椀洀漀渀礀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?椀渀?挀攀渀琀爀愀氀??甀渀愀渀?倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀???攀漀氀漀最礀??攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀???????????? ??椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?吀愀礀氀漀爀??倀????????吀栀攀?愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?漀砀礀最攀渀?愀渀搀?栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀?猀琀甀搀椀攀猀?琀漀?瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀?漀昀?栀礀搀爀漀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀?愀氀琀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀搀?漀爀攀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀???挀漀渀漀洀椀挀??攀漀氀漀最礀????????????????戀爀?吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀??????匀椀氀氀椀琀漀攀?刀????愀欀攀爀?吀???愀渀最??刀?愀渀搀??漀爀琀攀渀猀攀渀????????????渀琀爀甀猀椀漀渀?爀攀氀愀琀攀搀?最漀氀搀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀?眀椀琀栀?琀甀渀最猀琀攀渀?琀椀渀?瀀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀???椀渀攀爀愀氀椀甀洀??攀瀀漀猀椀琀愀????????????????戀爀?吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀?????愀渀搀?一攀眀戀攀爀爀礀?刀???? ???漀氀搀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?爀攀氀愀琀攀搀?琀漀?爀攀搀甀挀攀搀?最爀愀渀椀琀椀挀?椀渀琀爀甀猀椀漀渀猀???渀??愀最攀洀愀渀渀?匀??愀渀搀??爀漀眀渀?倀???攀搀猀????刀攀瘀椀攀眀猀?椀渀??挀漀渀漀洀椀挀??攀漀氀漀最礀??匀漀挀椀攀琀礀?漀昀??挀漀渀漀洀椀挀??攀漀氀漀最椀猀琀猀???渀挀??????????? ?戀爀?唀攀渀漀?夀??夀愀洀愀搀愀????夀漀猀栀椀搀愀?一???愀爀甀礀愀洀愀?匀?愀渀搀??猀漀稀愀欀椀?夀??? ????瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀?昀爀漀洀?昀氀甀椀搀?椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀猀?昀漀爀?洀椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀?洀攀琀栀愀渀漀最攀渀攀猀椀猀?椀渀?琀栀攀??愀爀氀礀??爀挀栀愀攀愀渀?攀爀愀??一愀琀甀爀攀???? ?? ????????????戀爀?圀愀渀最??刀??儀甀愀渀?娀夀???甀?一夀?愀渀搀??椀?夀倀?????????攀琀愀氀氀漀最攀渀椀挀?挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀?愀渀搀?爀攀最甀氀愀爀椀琀椀攀猀?漀昀?搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀?愀渀搀?攀渀爀椀挀栀洀攀渀琀?漀昀?最漀氀搀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?椀渀??甀渀愀渀???甀渀愀渀??攀漀氀漀最礀?????????????? ??椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?圀愀渀最?夀????愀渀?圀????椀愀渀最?堀儀??倀攀渀最?吀倀?愀渀搀?匀栀椀?夀刀??? ???匀?刀??倀?稀椀爀挀漀渀?唀?倀戀?最攀漀挀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀?漀昀??渀搀漀猀椀渀椀愀渀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀猀?椀渀??甀渀愀渀?倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀?愀渀搀?椀琀猀?瀀攀琀爀漀最攀渀攀琀椀挀?椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀???栀椀渀攀猀攀?匀挀椀攀渀挀攀??甀氀氀攀琀椀渀??? ???????????? ??戀爀?圀愀渀最?夀????愀渀?圀???匀甀渀?????椀愀渀最?堀儀??娀栀愀渀最?夀??愀渀搀?倀攀渀最?吀倀??? ????攀漀挀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀??最攀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀?愀渀搀?最攀漀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀?挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀?漀渀?瀀攀琀爀漀最攀渀攀猀椀猀?漀昀?琀栀攀??渀搀漀猀椀渀椀愀渀?瀀攀爀愀氀甀洀椀渀漀甀猀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀猀?椀渀?琀栀攀?匀漀甀琀栀??栀椀渀愀??氀漀挀欀???挀愀猀攀?猀琀甀搀礀?椀渀??甀渀愀渀?倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀???椀琀栀漀猀??????????????? ??戀爀?圀攀渀??娀??圀甀?儀???椀甀??夀??堀椀攀??娀?愀渀搀??攀椀??堀????????倀爀攀氀椀洀椀渀愀爀礀?猀琀甀搀礀?漀渀?漀爀攀?挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀椀渀最?爀攀最甀氀愀爀椀琀椀攀猀?愀渀搀?洀攀琀愀氀氀漀最攀渀椀挀?洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀?漀昀?猀甀瀀攀爀?氀愀爀最攀?猀椀稀攀搀?匀戀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?椀渀?堀椀欀甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀???攀漀氀漀最礀?愀渀搀??砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀??????? ?????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?圀栀椀琀攀?一??愀渀搀??攀搀攀渀焀甀椀猀琀??圀?????????瀀椀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀?最漀氀搀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?匀琀礀氀攀猀??挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀?愀渀搀?攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀??匀???一攀眀猀氀攀琀琀攀爀??????????戀爀?圀栀椀琀椀挀愀爀????????????愀爀戀漀渀?愀渀搀?栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀?猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀?漀昀?戀愀挀琀攀爀椀愀氀?昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀搀?漀砀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?洀攀琀栀愀渀攀???栀攀洀椀挀愀氀??攀漀氀漀最礀???????????????????戀爀?堀椀愀漀?儀??愀渀搀??椀????????????渀?椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀?椀渀琀漀?琀栀攀?最攀渀攀猀椀猀?漀昀?琀栀攀?愀渀琀椀洀漀渀礀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀?椀渀??甀渀愀渀???椀渀攀爀愀氀??攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀??????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?夀甀????????????氀琀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀?昀攀愀琀甀爀攀猀?愀渀搀?椀琀猀?搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?氀漀漀欀椀渀最?昀漀爀?琀栀攀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀?椀渀??甀琀愀椀猀栀愀渀??甀?匀戀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀??堀椀渀栀甀愀???甀渀愀渀??攀漀氀漀最礀?????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?娀栀攀渀最?夀?????????伀砀礀最攀渀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀?昀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀愀琀椀漀渀?椀渀?挀愀爀戀漀渀愀琀攀?愀渀搀?猀甀氀昀愀琀攀?洀椀渀攀爀愀氀猀???攀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀??漀甀爀渀愀氀????????? ??????戀爀?娀漀甀?吀堀?????????攀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀?挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀?愀渀搀?漀爀攀?昀漀爀洀椀渀最?洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀?漀昀?琀栀攀?愀渀琀椀洀漀渀礀?漀爀攀?昀椀攀氀搀?漀昀?堀椀欀甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀???甀渀愀渀???漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀??甀椀氀椀渀??漀氀氀攀最攀?漀昀??攀漀氀漀最礀????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀??????????唀?襧??? ???堀??と????譜??詷??ぷ?憍????す著????晷????????????????戀爀??殖????練捗???辞???ā瑎??夀魛??? ???嘀坮絓汶熚?卜?鞂??癓?卓葏瑶晎豛ご??晓?癸?????晹??鄀?????????????????戀爀??????謀醄济??一???????????????嘀坮??煷??????? ???????????????????戀爀??罢井??? ???煓???獛????罓?葔???祷腲?繓?????嘀坮こ?????????? ???? ?戀爀?庀???潫蝦??一?????????? ????一坓?垖?薖??屷???????晹???????? ??戀爀??艞乙??? ???嘀坮絓汶熚?餀熟?罎?葔?????繷??潒?遒??一坓こ??ｎ?????????????戀爀?一穧???????????煷??????葴???????ぎ??????????????戀爀??????????甀???需?葛????????暞獛??? ????嘀坮??煜ぜ?絓汶熚?鞂?瑜晎祛腲?葓????? 晗????? ??????????戀爀??穾????????堀?ぎ?罓???????????獷????牧?庑｜??????????????????戀爀??????????甀?非???睓佭??劀??? ????嘀坮?酽煎?卜葏ぶ?ろ??晓祛腲?癓????? ?暍?????????? ??????戀爀?戀????较幛???縷????恑??蠀????蝟???? ????卭?肋厈??????晹????????? ?戀爀?戀???? ????伀?猀甀戀????猀甀戀??卭??????卭?肋厈葏?溋?? ??晓????????????????戀爀?戀???? ?????卭????豠?卭?肋厈????晷???????????????????戀爀?圀????謀?魜?????????蕲???襟鵳??? ? ????豮絔汶熚灜???鞂?卜?????倀?匀??啷?倀戀騀瑛?癓???????す著????晷?????????????? ?戀爀?氀????堀????蚉非??唀彏??? ???堀??????詷??楷?斍遧??????????癓鹑豛???晓?溋???詷ぞ?????????????????戀爀??潫蝦??欀???ā豎獠??? ???????扷????呗?卭??????葺???????溋???詷ぞ?????????????????戀爀?洀??????????嘀坮??ぜ?????????????す著????晷????????????????戀爀?洀????庀??? ???堀???煷蕜?譙??詷葞??????卽??? ?????????????????戀爀?洀????庀????????????? ???堀???煷??詷??楷?斍遧葮????????楷晲?????????????????戀爀?夀魛??? ?????乿坓?鞂???﹞?癓???? ???????????????????戀爀?瘀?????佣???澑车??????? ???堀???煷?????楷?斍遧???? ?ろ??晓???????????? ?戀爀?謀?????捧???????一襧獳????????嘀坮????詷??慷???????讉??嘀坮こ??????????????? ?戀爀?謀?魜???????脀????洀?獙???襷??? ???嘀坮灓???鞂?卜?刀??倀??啷?倀戀琀葞?癓??????晹????? ???????????????戀爀?蜀?譖?????????????????????????????煷蕜?譙??詷???讉?打????敒?癸?? ??????????? ????戀爀?阀????一硧乑????????嘀坮????????詷ぞ??????????????戀爀?夀?????????????煓???詷聞?祓腲?癓繑?????嘀坮こ?????????????????戀爀???饔????????嘀坮??煷??ぷ葵ぶ??晓祛腲????????靨??ゑ?暍扛暖???????????????
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 5908
- PDF下载数: 6520
- 施引文献: 0
下载: