Mineral chemistry of ore-bearing ultramafic rocks from the Hongqiling Nos.1 and 7 instrusions in Jilin Province: Constraints on the magmatic processes and the metallogenesis of Ni-Cu sulfide deposits
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摘要:
本文对吉林红旗岭1号和7号岩体中含矿超镁铁质岩的主要造岩矿物进行了详细研究。两岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石、角闪石和金云母。岩浆的暗色矿物结晶顺序为：橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→角闪石→黑云母，与镜下实际观察一致，是岩浆在不同深度结晶的产物。原始岩浆来自上地幔，两岩体进入高位岩浆房中的熔体的MgO含量分别13.98%和14.22%、Mg#值分别为72.22和71.05，为含水的高镁的苦橄质玄武岩浆。深部岩浆房深度距地表约26~27km，岩浆房内的结晶温度介于1280~1379℃之间，即结晶于下地壳中。岩浆由深部上升到高位(浅部)岩浆房中的过程是近绝热的，也是快速完成的。岩浆可能经历了两次岩浆房的演化过程，岩浆在上升到高位岩浆房之前，在深部曾经历了较短时间的橄榄石和少量辉石的分离结晶作用；但在高位岩浆房中混染了地壳物质，与此同时，还经历了同源岩浆混合作用以及岩浆过冷却作用，这些都有利于岩浆体系中成矿元素含量增高以及硫达到饱和状态，使金属硫化物熔离并晶出，从而使岩体发生铜镍矿化作用。
Abstract:Systematic studies on the mineralogy of the ore-bearing ultramafic rocks from the Hongqiling Nos. 1 and 7 intrusions in east Jilin Province show that the rocks mainly consist of chrysolite, bronzite, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende and phlogopite. These minerals were crystallized from magma at different depths. In particular, olivine and pyroxene are the best rock-forming minerals that crystallized firstly from the primary magma and could be used to trace the magma, which were derived from the upper mantle. The parental magmas of these intrusions in the intermediate magma chamber are hydrated high-Mg picritic basalt magma and the MgO content were estimated to be about 13.98% and 14.22% with Mg# of 72.22 and 71.05 respectively. The depth of the deep-level magma chamber, where only olivine and pyroxene fractional crystallization processes took place ephemerally, was estimated to be about 26~27km. The temperature of magma chamber was 1280~1379℃. When magma uplifted from the deep-level to the high-level chamber, this process was nearly adiabatic and completed in a short time. Then, magma maybe experienced double chamber evolutions. Meanwhile, olivine and less pyroxene fractional crystallizations were over before the uplift of magma. But, there was complex process in high-level magma chamber, where crust contamination, mixing with affinal magma and super cooling have been happened. These processes contribute to the increase of ore-forming elements and the saturation of sulfide in the magmatic system, thus Ni-Cu mineralization occurs in the intrusions.
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Key words:
- He-Ar isotope /
- Tellurides /
- Gold deposit /
- Sandaowanzi /
- Heilongjiang Province
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图 1
红旗岭杂岩体的大地构造位置(a)和地质简图(b)(据Wu et al., 2004; Lü et al., 2011)
Figure 1.
Tectonic location (a) and geological simplified map (b) of the Hongqiling mafic-ultramafic complex, east Jilin, NE China (modified after Wu et al., 2004; Lü et al., 2011)
图 2
红旗岭1号(a)和7号(b)岩体地质图和剖面图(据秦宽，1995；Wu et al., 2004)
Figure 2.
Geological planes and cross-sections are shown for the Nos.1 (a) and 7 (b) deposits (modified after Qin, 1995; Wu et al., 2004)
图 3
红旗岭1号和7号岩体中含矿超镁铁质岩的岩石学特征(正交偏光)
Figure 3.
Photomicrographs of representative rocks from Hongqiling Nos.1 and 7 ore-bearing ultramafic intrusions (cross-polanzed photo)
图 5
辉石的Q-J 分类图(a)以及单斜辉石分类的Wo-En-Fs成分梯形图解(b)(底图据Morimoto et al., 1988)
Figure 5.
The plots in Q-J diagram (a) of pyroxene and in Wo-En-Fs diagram (b) of clinopyroxene (after Morimoto et al., 1988)
图 6
红旗岭7号岩体中单斜辉石的成分横断面(从中心到边缘)
Figure 6.
Compositional transects of selected clinopyroxenes from the Hongqiling No.7 instrusion (from core to rim compositional profiles of two grains)
图 7
长石分类的Ab-An-Or成分三角形图解(a，底图据Parsons, 2010)和7号岩体中长石(HK7-14)的成分横断面(b，从中心到边缘)
Figure 7.
Classification of feldspar (a, after Parsons, 2010) and compositional transects of selected feldspar (HK7-14) from the Hongqiling No.7 instrusion (b, from core to rim compositional profiles of two grains)
图 9
钙角闪石组的分类图解(据Leake et al., 1997)
Figure 9.
Classification of calcic-amphiboles (after Leake et al., 1997)
图 12
单斜辉石-全岩熔浆平衡判别图解(a，底图据Kinzler, 1997)和辉石成分等温线图解(b，底图据Lindsley, 1983)
Figure 12.
Diagrams of equipment discrimination between Cpx and whole rock (a, after Kinzler, 1997) and the Wo-En-Fs plot for pyroxene showing the equilibrium temperature (b, after Lindsley, 1983)
图 13
长石的成分等温线图解(底图据Fuhrman and Lindsley, 1988)
Figure 13.
Feldspar ternary diagram of temperature contours at 500MPa (after Fuhrman and Lindsley, 1988). Symbols in Fig. 13 as those in Fig. 4
图 14
钙角闪石的AlⅣ-Ti与结晶温度相关图(a，底图据Ernst and Liu, 1998)和Si-AlⅣ相关图(b，底据姜常义和安三元，1984)
Figure 14.
AlⅣ vs. Ti (a, after Ernst and Liu, 1998) and Si vs. AlⅣ (b, after Jiang and An, 1984) in calcic amphiboles
图 15
黑云母的Ti-Mg/(Mg+Fe) 温度图解(a，底图据Henry et al., 2005)、Fe3+-Fe2+-Mg 图解(b，底图据Wones and Eugster, 1965)和Si/Al-(Fe2++Mg)/Al图解(c，底图转谢应雯和张玉泉，1995)
Figure 15.
Temperature isotherms (℃) calculated from the surface-fit equation on a Ti vs. Mg/(Mg+Fe) (a, after Henry et al., 2005), Fe3+-Fe2+-Mg (b, after Wones and Eugster, 1965) and Si/Al-(Fe2++Mg)/Al (c, from Xie and Zhang, 1995) plots of biotites
图 16
钙角闪石的化学成分与岩浆来源关系图
Figure 16.
The plot of chemical composition of calc-amphibole in relation with the source of magmatic material
图 18
MgO-Fo-FeO图解(假定分配系数为0.33) (a, 底图据张招崇和王福生，2003)和在分离结晶期间与地幔橄榄石平衡的岩浆的成分示意图(b, 底图据Sato, 1977)
Figure 18.
MgO-Fo-FeO diagram (partition coefficient is assumed to be 0. 33) (a, based on Zhang and Wang, 2003) and composition of magmas in equilibrium with mantle olivine, during fractional crystallization (line with dots, the attached number represents degree of fractional crystallization), and composition of ocean-floor basalts and Hawaiian tholeiite (b, after Sato, 1977)
图 19
单斜辉石的Wo-En-Fs(a，底图据邱家骧和廖群安，1996)和化学演化曲线(b，底图据Foder et al., 1975)
Figure 19.
Plots of Wo-En-Fs (a, after Qiu and Liao, 1996) and chemical evolution curve (b, after Foder et al., 1975) diagrams of clinopyroxene
表 1
橄榄石电子探针分析结果(wt%)
Table 1.
Microprobe analyse of olivine (wt%) from the ore-bearing ultramsfic rocks in the Hongqiling Nos. 1 7 and intrusions
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表 2
橄辉石电子探针分析结果(wt%)
Table 2.
Microprobe analyse (wt%) of pyroxene from the ore-bearing ultramsfic rocks in the Hongqiling Nos. 1 and 7 intrusions
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表 3
斜长石电子探针分析结果(wt%)
Table 3.
Microprobe analyse (wt%) of plagioclase from the ore-bearing ultramsfic rocks in the Hongqiling Nos. 1 and 7 intrusions
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表 4
角闪石电子探针分析结果(wt%)
Table 4.
Microprobe analyse (wt%) of hornblende from the ore-bearing ultramsfic rocks in the Hongqiling Nos. 1 and 7 intrusions
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表 5
黑云母电子探针分析结果(wt%)
Table 5.
Microprobe analyse (wt%) of biotite from the ore-bearing ultramsfic rocks in the Hongqiling Nos. 1 and 7 intrusions
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