地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 412-423.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.13

• 地球化学与人体健康 • 上一篇    

关键元素与生命健康:中国耕地缺硒吗?

王学求(), 柳青青*(), 刘汉粮, 胡庆海, 吴慧, 王玮   

  1. 1.中国地质科学院 地球物理地球化学勘查研究所 自然资源部地球化学探测重点实验室, 河北 廊坊 065000
    2.联合国教科文组织全球尺度地球化学国际研究中心, 河北 廊坊 065000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-10 修回日期:2021-02-06 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2021-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 柳青青
  • 作者简介:王学求(1963—),男,研究员,从事应用地球化学和全球地球化学基准研究。E-mail: geochemistry@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重大科技成果转化专项(19057411Z);自然资源部中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190451)

Key elements and human health: Is China’s arable land selenium-deficient?

WANG Xueqiu(), LIU Qingqing*(), LIU Hanliang, HU Qinghai, WU Hui, WANG Wei   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
    2. UNESCO International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry, Langfang 065000, China
  • Received:2021-01-10 Revised:2021-02-06 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2021-05-23
  • Contact: LIU Qingqing

摘要:

地球上的生命和非生命都是由自然界已发现的92种化学元素组成的,通过全国土壤地球化学基准值与人体血液元素含量对比研究,发现血液中40~50种化学元素平均值与土壤地球化学基准值的分布高度一致,表明这些关键元素与生命息息相关。近年大家持续关注的硒(Se)元素是人体必需的微量元素,缺乏会产生健康风险,但摄入过量也会导致中毒,因此被称为健康窗口元素。过去研究认为,中国耕地缺硒是造成健康危害的原因之一。本文通过对全国3 382个网格化点位土壤采样,获得Se的地球化学基准值和空间分布数据,发现中国贫硒国土面积,按照世界卫生组织推荐值(0.1 mg/kg)和中国规范(0.125 mg/kg)计算,分别占21.1%和31.6%;适宜区(0.125~0.40 mg/kg)面积大约555万km2,占国土面积约57.1%;富硒区(>0.40 mg/kg)面积达110万km2,占国土面积约11.2%。贫硒国土主要分布在青藏高原和内蒙古局部地区,而中国9大平原的粮食主产区耕地总体上不缺硒,其中珠江三角洲平原、广西平原、成都平原、长江中下游平原是富硒区(>0.40 mg/kg),华北平原、东北平原、三江平原、关中平原是硒边缘区-适量区(0.125~0.40 mg/kg),只有河套平原是缺硒区(<0.125 mg/kg)。根据覆盖全国的网格化土壤采样分析结果,发现低硒带呈不连续的片状分布于内蒙古东部至青藏高原一带,与传统认为“低硒带分布于东北三省至西南云贵高原”不完全一致。硒的空间分布模式主要受地质背景、岩石类型、土壤类型和自然地理景观控制。

关键词: 关键元素, 生命健康, 硒含量, 空间分布, 耕地土壤, 中国

Abstract:

Everything on Earth, living or non-living, is made from one or a combination of the 92 naturally occurring chemical elements. Life survival depends on the bioavailability of these essential elements at appropriate concentrations and proportions. A comparison between the element concentration in human blood and the corresponding baseline element concentration in arable soil shows a very good correlation for 40-50 key elements. The essential element selenium (Se) has a dual character, that both Sn deficiency and excess are harmful for human health. Previous researches concluded that Se deficiency was predominant in China. In this work, we collected the China geochemical baseline data from 3382 grid sampling sites covering the entire country. We found the proportion of Se deficient area to be 21.1% according to the WHO limit (0.1 mg/kg) or 31.6% by the Chinese guideline standard (0.125 mg/kg). The Se-deficient regions are distributed in Tibet and Inner Mongolia where grain crops are scarcely produced. No Se deficiency is observed in the arable plains of the 9 major grain producing regions except the Hetao plain. Specifically, Selenium is enriched (>0.4 mg/kg) in the Pearl delta, Guangxi, Chengdu, and middle and lower Yangtze plains; between marginal and appropriate levels (0.125-0.4 mg/kg) in the Sanjiang, Northern, Northeastern and Guanzhong (Central Shaanxi) plains; and deficient (<0.125 mg/kg) in the Hetao plain. The study shows that the spatial distribution of Se-poor soils is geographically situated in a discrete NE-SW-trending belt from the eastern part of Inner Mongolia to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, controlled mainly by geological background, parent rocks, soil types and geographical landscapes.

Key words: critical elements, human health, selenium concentration, spatial distribution, arable soils, China

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