| 古红萍,沈学顺,金继明,肖薇,王咏薇. 2013. 一维热扩散湖模式在太湖的应用研究[J]. 气象学报, 71(4):719-730, doi:10.11676/qxxb2013.051 |
| 一维热扩散湖模式在太湖的应用研究 |
| An application of a 1-D thermal diffusion lake model to Lake Taihu |
| 投稿时间：2012-03-19 修订日期：2013-03-22 |
| DOI：10.11676/qxxb2013.051 |
| 中文关键词: 一维热扩散湖模式 太湖 消光系数 粗糙长度 湖表面温度 |
| 英文关键词:1D thermal diffusion lake model Lake Taihu Extinction coefficient Roughness length Lake surface temperature |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(40921003);国际科技合作项目(2008DFA22180). |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 古红萍 | 中国气象科学研究院, 北京, 100081
中国科学院大学, 北京, 100049 | | 沈学顺 | 中国气象局数值预报中心, 北京, 100081 | | 金继明 | 犹他州立大学, 犹他, 84321, 美国 | | 肖薇 | 南京信息工程大学大气环境中心, 南京, 210044 | | 王咏薇 | 南京信息工程大学大气环境中心, 南京, 210044 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用在太湖获得的2010年8月11-28日的观测资料研究了一维热扩散湖模式在太湖的适用性,通过对比模拟进一步研究了影响太湖湖表温度模拟的主要因子.该湖模式对太湖最初的模拟结果并不理想,模拟的湖表面温度与观测有较大的系统性偏差,温度的日变化幅度与观测相比也偏小.通过分析该模式对太湖的模拟效果不理想的可能原因,针对太湖的生态环境和污染情况,设计了18个测试参数的敏感性试验,从敏感性试验的结果分析得到,适用于太湖的、依赖于湖泊类型的3个参数应做如下修改:消光系数(η0)应放大3倍,湖泊表层吸收的太阳辐射系数(β)应取0.8,粗糙长度(z0)采用公式计算得到.用新得到的适用于太湖的3个参数,模拟得到的结果与最初的模拟结果和观测资料对比,发现采用新的参数后,模拟结果比最初的模拟结果有了很大的改进,模拟的湖表温度基本接近观测,模拟的湖水垂直剖面时间序列图也跟观测吻合得较好,随之的感热、潜热通量的模拟也都与观测接近.最后,对输入湖模式的主要大气参量(太阳辐射、2m气温及风场)±10%的误差引起的模式模拟的湖表面温度误差进行分析,结果表明该湖模式对大气强迫场的误差敏感度不高;相比之下,模拟结果对风场敏感性最小,对辐射和气温的敏感度相当. |
| 英文摘要: |
| The performance of a one-dimensional (1D) thermal diffusion lake model for Lake Taihu has been examined using obscrvations from August 11 to 28,2010.The originally simulated lake surface temperature has significant biases, and the simulated temperature diurnal cycle range is smaller than observations.Eighteen sensitivity experiments were conducted with the ccological environment and pollution conditions in Lake Taihu included.The results show that three parameters that depend on the lake type should be modified as follows; increase extinction coefficient by a factor of 3,change the fraction of the non-refleeting shortwavc radiation absorbed by the lake surface from 0.4 to 0.8,and parameterize the roughness length via a function of wind and lake depth.The new lake model using the new parameters has greatly improved the temperature simulations when compared with observations and original simulations.The vertical thermal structure in Lake Taihu is well reproduced using the three new parameters in the lake model.The simulated sensible flux and latent heat flux arc also improved significantly.A serics of sensitivity tests were performed to determine the critical meteorological variables (solar radiation,air temperature,and wind)affecting the simulations of water temperature.Thus, a ±10% error has been exerted in these three main meteorological variables, and the result shows that this lake model is not very sensitive to those meteorological variables.By contrast,this lake model is less sensitive to the winds,the sensitivity is almost the same for the other two variables. |
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