| 孙安平,言穆弘,张义军,张鸿发,黄美元. 2002. 三维强风暴动力-电耦合数值模拟研究Ⅰ:模式及其电过程参数化方案[J]. 气象学报, 60(6):722-731, doi:10.11676/qxxb2002.086 |
| 三维强风暴动力-电耦合数值模拟研究Ⅰ:模式及其电过程参数化方案 |
| NUMERICAL STUDY OF THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICA-TION WITH A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICS AND ELECTRIFICATION COUPLED MODELⅠ:MODEL DESCRIPTION AND PARAMETERIZATION OF ELECTRICAL PROCESSES |
| 投稿时间：2000-03-28 修订日期：2001-06-14 |
| DOI：10.11676/qxxb2002.086 |
| 中文关键词: 雷暴 起电机制 耦合 |
| 英文关键词:Thunderstorm Electrification mechanism Parameterization Coupling |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学重大基金(40135010;49975002);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新项目(210037) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究风暴中的动力、微物理和电过程三者间的相互作用,在已有的工作基础上,建立了一个三维强风暴动力电耦合数值模式。模式中将云中水物质分为水汽、云水、雨水、冰晶、雪、霰和雹7类,各种粒子采用双变参数谱。考虑了详细的起电过程,它们包括扩散、电导、感应和非感应以及次生冰晶起电机制。此外,在模式中加入了云内放电参数化过程和云顶处屏蔽电荷层形成的参数化方案用以研究整个雷暴生命史内的电活动特征。最后利用CCOPE(Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment)计划中1981年7月19日的风暴资料对模式的性能进行了验证,模拟结果显示此模式可以较好地描述风暴中动力、微物理和电结构的发展演变过程。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Anew three-dimensional dynamics and electrification coupled model has been developed for investigating the characteristics of microphysics,dynamics and electrification inside thunderstorms.This model is basically modified from at hree-dimensional,time-dependent,and dual-parameter cloud model originally est ablished in IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) and a two-dimensional axisym metric cloud dy namics and electrification coupled model.Primary modifications to the model include notonly the coupling of electrification with dynamical and microphysical processes,but also the lightning discharge process and screening layer effect at the cloud top as well.Apart from including a full treat ment of smallions with at tachment to seven classes of hy drom eteors(water vapor,clouddrops,rain,ice,snow,graupel and hail),the model considers ten microphysical processes which include condensation,deposition,evaporation,aut oconversion of cloud-rain,collection,freezing melting,nucle-ation,,and mult iplication of ice cryst als,and five electrif ication processes which include ionic diffusion,electric at traction,inductive charging,non-inductive charging and secondaryice crystal charging.The larger precipit ation particles are also forced by the vertical component of electrical force in electrical intensive thunderst orms.For the horizontal and vertical advection terms,fourth-order and second-order finite differences are used,and superrelax ation method is used to determine electric potential. |
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