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气象:2014,40(9):1058-1065
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我国春季冷锋后的高架雷暴特征分析
(1 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京 210044,2 国家气象中心,北京 100081;2 国家气象中心,北京 100081;3.1 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京 210044,3 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京 100081)
Analysis on Characteristics of Elevated Thunderstorms Behind Cold Fronts in China During Spring
(1 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044,2 National Meteorological Centre, Beijing 100081;2 National Meteorological Centre, Beijing 100081;3.1 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044,3 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081)
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投稿时间:2014-02-14    修订日期:2014-03-28
中文摘要: 利用常规气象观测资料和国家气象中心对流天气综合监测等资料,对2010—2012年我国春季冷锋后的高架雷暴的时空分布特征和强对流天气特点等进行统计分析,并通过一次典型个例给出影响高架雷暴的主要天气系统,再结合雷暴物理条件的统计特征探讨高架雷暴发生发展的物理机制。研究结果表明,此类高架雷暴主要发生在我国南方地区,具有一定的日变化,常伴冰雹和短时强降水天气。影响高架雷暴的主要天气系统为高低空急流、低层切变线以及500 hPa西风槽等。预报着眼点主要为850和700 hPa大气相对湿度在70%以上;700与500 hPa的温差达16℃以上,有一定的热力不稳定;700 hPa上建立一支低空西南急流,配合500 hPa西风槽以及低层的切变线,这些因素为雷暴触发及发展提供条件。
Abstract:To study the physical mechanisms of elevated thunderstorms, the conventional observations and comprehensive monitoring data of severe convective weather are used to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of elevated thunderstorms and the associated severe weather events in spring of China. The results show that spring elevated thunderstorms behind cold fronts often happen in Southern China. They have diurnal variations and often accompaning with hail and short duration severe precipitation. Low and high level jets, low level shear lines and west troughs at 500 hPa are the important impact weather systems. The following three parameters can be used to predict the development of elevated thunderstorms: relative humidity at 850 hPa and 700 hPa exceeds 70%, temperature difference between 700 hPa and 500 hPa is at least 16℃, and a southwesterly jet is at 700 hPa, a low level shear line and a trough at 500 hPa.
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基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2014CB441402和2013CB430103)、国家自然科学基金项目(41375058)及公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406002和GYHY201206008)共同资助
引用文本:
盛杰,毛冬艳,沈新勇,蓝渝,何立富,2014.我国春季冷锋后的高架雷暴特征分析[J].气象,40(9):1058-1065.
SHENG Jie,MAO Dongyan,SHEN Xinyong,LAN Yu,HE Lifu,2014.Analysis on Characteristics of Elevated Thunderstorms Behind Cold Fronts in China During Spring[J].Meteor Mon,40(9):1058-1065.