Development of exploration technique and invention of exploration instruments is an important part of research in the middle and upper atmosphere. The single use of one kind of technology cant accomplish measurement of the atmospheric parameters in such wide range of height, and vast kinds of observation technologies should be taken combinative to disclose the atmospheric structure. With the international advance in the observation of the middle and upper atmosphere, this paper reviews the development of observation in China in recent years, in terms of ground-based remote sensing, upper atmospheric exploration satellites, Occultation exploration, and the detection of balloon, rocket and spaceship.