塔里木盆地西部的新生代断裂活动
The Cenozoic faults in western Tarim Basin, NW China.
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摘要: 研究区以塔里木盆地西部的巴楚隆起为核心,包括其南侧的麦盖提斜坡和北侧的北部坳陷(阿瓦提凹陷)。这里新生代断裂异常发育。以鸟山-古董山地区为重点,通过精细的地震剖面解释,在塔里木盆地西部识别出5期新生代断裂活动,分别发生于:白垩纪末-古近纪初(ca.65Ma)、中新世末-上新世初(ca.5Ma)、上新世末-更新世中期(ca.3~1.5Ma)、更新世中-晚期(ca.1~0.1Ma)和全新世(ca.0.01Ma)。中寒武统和古近系膏盐层构成了研究区的2个主滑脱面。ca.65Ma的冲断受控于基墨里中间大陆与亚洲大陆碰撞的远程效应;ca.5Ma、ca.3~1.5Ma、ca.1~0.1Ma和ca.0.01Ma的断裂活动(包括滑脱断层、冲断层、走滑断层和正断层)均受控于印度-亚洲碰撞的远程效应。晚新生代(中新世以来)的断裂活动以脉动式冲断为特征,两次相邻脉动式冲断之间为时间不等的短暂的构造间歇期;间歇期构造平静,甚至可以形成正断层。Abstract: The study area includes Bachu Rise and Markit Slope on its south, North Depression(Awati Sag) on its north. Cenozoic faulting is abnormal active here. Take Niaoshan-Gudongshan area as the representative study area, five phases of Cenozoic faulting was found after careful seismic interpretation in the western Tarim Basin. They are:end Cretaceous-beginning Paleogene(ca. 65Ma), end Miocene-beginning Pliocene(ca. 5Ma), end Pliocene-middle Pleistocene(ca. 3~1.5Ma), middle-late Pleistocene(ca. 1~0.1Ma) and Holecene(ca. 0.01Ma). Gypsum-salt layer in Middle Cambrian and Paleogene serve as the two main detachment layers in western Tarim. Thrusting of ca. 65Ma was induced by the far-field effect of the Lhasa-Asia collision; Faulting(detachment fault, thrust fault, strike slip fault and normal fault) of ca. 5Ma, ca. 3~1.5Ma, ca. 1~0.1Ma and ca. 0.01Ma were induced by the far-field effect of the India-Asia collision. Late Cenozoic(after Miocene) faulting is characterized by numerous pulses of thrust. Between each two neighboring thrust pulses is a short tectonic pause, when the tectonic is calm, thrusting is ceased and even occur normal faulting.
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