| 安大维,陈春艳,孙鸣婧,窦刚,刘军建.阿克苏地区西部冰雹天气雷达回波演变特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2022,16(6):59~66 |
| 阿克苏地区西部冰雹天气雷达回波演变特征分析 |
| Analysis of Hail Distribution and Radar Echo Evolution Characteristics in West Aksu |
| 投稿时间：2022-09-02 修订日期：2023-01-13 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 冰雹 雷达回波 演变特征 雹暴单体 阿克苏地区西部 |
| 英文关键词:Hail Radar echo Evolutionary characteristics Hailstorm cell Western Aksu Region |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41865004) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用2009—2020年阿克苏地区西部6县市中国气象局灾情直报、地面观测、阿克苏多普勒雷达资料，分析阿克苏雷达监测覆盖区冰雹天气时空分布及雹云雷达回波演变特征，结果表明：（1）2009—2020年共出现211站次冰雹，2011年最多，28站次；高发期为5—8月，6月冰雹频次最高；日变化峰值在16—19时。（2）雹云单体最强反射率因子均≥52 dBZ，回波顶高高于8 km，垂直累积液态水含量跃增达4.47 kg/m2及以上且垂直累积液态水含量最大值大于10.0 kg/m 2时雷暴单体发展为雹暴的可能性极大。超级单体雹暴反射率因子、回波顶高、VILmax统计指标均高于多单体和普通单体雹暴。（3）普通单体风暴多初生于乌什县、温宿县北部沿山一带；多单体雹云多初生于乌什县西部南部、温宿县北部沿山一带，乌什县境内最多；超级单体雹云多初生于温宿县。回波单体移动大多以西北-东南路径为主。（4）雹云回波发展初期往往伴随着第一次爆发式增长：反射率因子增大、回波顶升高、VIL跃增，超级单体雹暴表现更为明显，降雹时刻伴随着再一次爆发式增长。VIL急剧增大或急剧减少与降雹开始和结束关系最为密切。（5）超级单体雹暴维持时间和整体生命史均较多单体雹暴和普通单体雹暴时间长；多单体风暴需要较长的酝酿时间且影响区域较大。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| By using the direct disaster report, ground observation and Aksu Doppler radar data of the China Meteorological Administration in 6 counties and cities in the western Aksu region from 2009 to 2020, the temporal and spatial distribution of hail weather and the evolution characteristics of hail cloud radar echo in the Aksu radar monitoring coverage area are analyzed. The results show that: (1) 211 hail stations occurred in 2009 to 2020, with the largest number in 2011, 28 hail stations; The high incidence period is from May to August, and the hail frequency is the highest in June; The peak value of daily variation is between 16:00 and 19:00. (2) When the maximum reflectivity factor of hail cloud cell is ≥ 52 dBZ, the echo top height is higher than 8 km, the vertical cumulative liquid water content jumps up to 4.47 kg/m2 or above, and the maximum vertical cumulative liquid water content is greater than 10.0 kg/m2, the thunderstorm cell is highly likely to develop into a hailstorm. The reflectivity factor, echo top height and VILmax statistical index of supercell hailstorm are higher than those of multicell and ordinary single hailstorm. (3) Ordinary single storms are mainly found in the mountain area in the north of Wushi County and Wensu County; Multi cell hailstorms are mainly found in the south west of Wushi County and along the mountains in the north of Wensu County, with the largest number in Wushi County; Super single hailstorms were mostly born in Wensu County. The movement of echo cells is mainly from northwest to southeast. (4) At the initial stage of hail cloud echo development, it is often accompanied by the first explosive growth: the reflectivity factor increases, the echo top rises, and the VIL jumps. The performance of supercell hail storms is more obvious, and the hail falling time is accompanied by another explosive growth. The sharp increase or decrease of VIL is most closely related to the beginning and end of hail fall. (5) The maintenance time and overall life history of super single hailstorms are more than that of single hailstorms and ordinary single hailstorms; Multi cell storms require a long incubation time and have a large impact area. |
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