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| 细粒子污染形成灰霾天气导致广州地区能见度下降 |
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吴兑1,2, 邓雪娇1, 毕雪岩1, 李菲1, 谭浩波1, 廖国莲2
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1.中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所, 广东, 广州, 510080;2.中山大学环境科学与工程学院大气科学系, 广东, 广州, 510275
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| 摘要: |
| 近年来广州地区的气溶胶污染日趋严重,灰霾天气主要出现在10月～次年4月。大气灰霾导致能见度恶化。自1980年代初开始,该地区的能见度急剧恶化,灰霾天气显著增加,其中有3次大的波动,分别代表广州地区经济发展相伴随的粉尘污染、硫酸盐加粉尘污染、光化学过程的细粒子加硫酸盐加粉尘的复合污染时期。雾和轻雾造成的低能见度的长期变化趋势,没有由于人类活动影响或经济发展影响带来的趋势性变化,其波动主要反映了气候波动固有的年际和年代际变化。广州地区能见度的恶化主要与细粒子有关,PM10有一半季均值超过国家二级标准的日均值浓度限值,而PM2.5季均值全部超过美国国家标准的日均值浓度限值,细粒子浓度甚高。另外PM2.5占PM10的比重非常高,可达62%～69%,尤其是旱季比雨季更高。 |
| 关键词: 广州地区 气溶胶云 灰霾天气 能见度恶化 细粒子污染 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:“973”课题2006CB403701;广东省自然科学基金033029;广东省重点科技攻关项目(2004A30401002,2005B32601011);广州市应用基础研究项目2004J1-0021 |
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| STUDY ON THE VISIBILITY REDUCTION CAUSED BY ATMOSPHERIC HAZE IN GUANGZHOU AREA |
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WU Dui1,2, DENG Xue-jiao1, BI Xue-yan1, Li Fei1, TAN Hao-po1, LIAO Guo-lian2
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1.Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080, China;2.Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Science and Engineer, Sun Yai-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years the pollution of aerosol is getting worse and worse in Guangzhou area.The haze weather mainly occurs from October to April of the following year,resulting in visibility deterioration.From the beginning of the 1980's the visibility dramatically deteriorated,obviously increasing haze weather,in which there are three big fluctuations,respectively showing the periods of pollutions of dust,sulphate and dust,fine particle from photochemical process and sulphate and dust accompanying the development of economy.The long-term tendency of visibility caused by fog and light fog does not have the tendency due to human activity or economical development and the variation mainly show the inner interannual and interdecadal variation of climate.The deterioration of visibility has close relation to the fine particles in Guangzhou area.,with half of PM10 surpassing the limits set by national second graded standard,meanwhile,all values of PM2.5 rise above the day-mean limits of American national standard,indicating very high fine particle concentration.The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 is also very high,reaching 62%～69%,especially higher in dry seasons than in rainy seasons. |
| Key words: Guangzhou area aerosol cloud haze weather visibility deterioration fine particles pollution |