Geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids and genesis of Hongshan copper deposit in northwestern Yunnan Province
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摘要:
红山铜矿床为滇西北地区一大型斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床，它产于印支期石英闪长玢岩及燕山期石英二长斑岩体内及其周边地层中，其形成经历了多期次热液叠加成矿作用过程。流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温及碳、氢、氧稳定同位素综合研究表明，矿区早期成矿流体为中高温、高盐度NaCl-H2O体系热液，主要来源于印支晚期岛弧型岩浆活动，对区内矽卡岩型矿化形成起了重要作用；晚期成矿流体为中高温、高盐度NaCl-CO2-H2O体系热液，主要来源于隐伏的燕山期后造山伸展型花岗质岩浆侵入体，形成了区内斑岩型Cu、Mo及相关的Pb、Zn多金属矿化。因此，红山铜矿床是两期岩浆热液叠加成矿作用结果。
Abstract:The Hongshan copper deposit is a large porphyry-skarn type polymetallic deposit in northwestern Yunnan Province. It occurred in quartz diorite porphyry of Indo-Chinese Period and quartz monzonite porphyry of Yanshanian Period as well as their neighbouring wall rocks. The formation of it experienced superimposition of mutiphases/stages hydrothermal mineralization. Comprehensive study on petrography, microthermometry and carbon-hydrogen-oxygen isotope of fluid inclusions showed that the ore-forming fluids of early metallogenic stages are of medium to high temperature, high salinity NaCl-H2O type solutions and mainly came from arc magmatism of Indo-Chinese Period, they were responsible for the formation of skarn type mineralization. The ore-forming fluids of later metallogenic stages are of medium to high temperature, high salinity NaCl-CO2-H2O type solutions and mainly came from the buried granitic magmatism of post orogenic extension environment, and they played important role in the formation of porphyry type Cu, Mo and relevant Pb, Zn mineralization. So the Hongshan copper deposit is of superimposed poyphyry-skarn type deposit that originated from the metallogenic superimposition of two phases of magmatic hydrothermal fluids.
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图 1
红山铜矿床构造位置(a)、区域(b) 和矿区地质图(c)
Figure 1.
The geological map of tectonic position (a), regional (b) and mining area (c) of the Hongshan copper deposit
图 2
不同成矿阶段矿脉及其穿切关系照片
Figure 2.
The photographs of ore veins of different mineralizaton stages with various mineral assemblages and their crosscutting relationships
图 4
流体包裹体均一温度、盐度直方图
Figure 4.
The histograms of temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions
图 5
流体包裹体氢-氧同位素组成图解(底图据张理刚, 1985修改)
Figure 5.
The compositionnal map of hydrogen-oxugenisotopes of fluid inclusions (after Zhang, 1985)
图 6
流体包裹体碳-氧同位素组成图解(底图据张瑞斌等，2003)
Figure 6.
The compositional map of carbon-oxygen isotopes of fluid inclusions (after Zhang et al., 2003)
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